论我国冷冻胚胎的继承

发布时间：2018-03-01 08:56

本文关键词： 冷冻胚胎权利归属继承权　出处：《江西财经大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：当前,社会的发展和科技的发展越来越迅速,生活节奏越来越快,坏境也越来越恶化,不孕不育的症状出现在许多人的身上,而治愈不孕不育的治疗方式主要是依靠生殖辅助技术。冷冻胚胎在它出生时,就具有争议性,当新型冷冻胚胎继承案件出现,自然没有相应的法律作为“处方”对其作出快速的治疗。研究冷冻胚胎继承法律的过程,也是对冷冻胚胎的法律属性进行定位和对冷冻胚胎权利归属及权利行使规则展开研究的过程。中国首例冷冻胚胎继承案件经历了两级法院的审判,二审法院的精彩决判决情理法兼容,被认为是民事审判的范例。该案件通过对伦理、情感和特殊利益保护作出了冷冻胚胎可以继承的判决结果。虽然案件结束,但是冷冻胚胎的继承法律问题的研究还在继续。通过对主体说、客体说、折中说和双重属性说的比较,确定冷冻胚胎兼具物权客体与人格权客体的双重属性,并分析了我国冷冻胚胎继承的法律关系。通过分析案例,发现我国冷冻胚胎继承的法律主要存在三大问题:冷冻胚胎的法律属性不明确、冷冻胚胎的权利归属不明确和冷冻胚胎的继承规则不明确,需要立法做出具体规定。本文通过分析英国、美国和意大利等国家的立法实践和司法实践,得到我国冷冻胚胎继承的立法应从两方面立法的启示:第一,冷冻胚胎作为可继承的物进行继承;第二,制定特别法予以规范。根据以上启示,提出完善冷冻胚胎继承立法的建议。第一,我国冷冻胚胎继承法律的完善需要遵守从规章层级提升到法律层级、宜粗不宜细、法与道德的结合、立法全面性的原则。第二,认可冷冻胚胎的双重属性,让冷冻胚胎能够有相应的法律依据。第三,综合适用现有法律的一般规则,加强对冷冻胚胎继承的保护。第四,结合冷冻胚胎继承的特殊规则,使冷冻胚胎继承符合伦理道德。
[Abstract]:At present, with the development of society and science and technology, the pace of life is getting faster and faster, and the bad situation is getting worse and worse. The symptoms of infertility appear in many people. And the cure for infertility is based on reproductive assistive technology. Frozen embryos are controversial when they are born, and when new types of frozen embryos are inherited, Of course, there is no corresponding law as a "prescription" for rapid treatment. It is also a process of locating the legal attributes of frozen embryos and studying the rules for the attribution and exercise of rights of frozen embryos. China's first case of frozen embryo succession has gone through a two-tier court trial. The excellent judgment of the court of second instance is compatible with reasoning and is considered to be an example of a civil trial. The case resulted in the freezing of embryos inheriting through the protection of ethics, emotion, and special interests. Although the case ended, However, the study on the inheritance of frozen embryos is continuing. By comparing the subject theory, object theory, eclectic theory and double attribute theory, it is determined that frozen embryo has the dual attributes of the object of real right and the object of personality right. By analyzing the legal relationship of frozen embryo inheritance in China, it is found that there are three main problems in the law of frozen embryo inheritance in China: the legal attribute of frozen embryo is not clear, The rights of frozen embryos are not clear and the inheritance rules of frozen embryos are not clear. This paper analyzes the legislative practice and judicial practice of Britain, the United States and Italy and other countries, such as the United Kingdom, the United States and Italy, and so on. The legislation on the inheritance of frozen embryos in China should be inspired from two aspects: first, the frozen embryos are inherited as inheritable objects; secondly, special laws should be formulated to regulate them. Some suggestions are put forward to perfect the legislation on the succession of frozen embryos. First, the perfection of the law on the succession of frozen embryos in China needs to be promoted from the level of regulation to the level of law, which should be coarse rather than detailed, the combination of law and morality, and the principle of comprehensive legislation. Recognizing the dual attributes of frozen embryos so that frozen embryos can have a corresponding legal basis. Third, to integrate the general rules of the existing laws and to strengthen the protection of frozen embryos inheritance. 4th, combined with special rules on frozen embryo inheritance, It is ethical to inherit frozen embryos.
【学位授予单位】：江西财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D923

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