民法典制定中的国家与国库问题研究

发布时间：2018-03-01 17:36

本文关键词： 国家国库国库理论民法典　出处：《中国法学》2017年03期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：当前,在民法典制定过程中,如何安排国家的位置,变成一个现实的问题。作为重要的民事活动参与者,国家在参与民事活动中的法律地位并不明确。国家参与民事活动,涉及的主要是财产法律关系,因此,国有财产的权利主体属于国家土地所有权、国有企业等概念的前置性问题,值得深入研究。在德国法上,这个问题主要由国库理论来解答。在参与民事活动之时,国家以国库的面相出现:国家经由国库而受到私法的规制;但是,国家以国库的身份"遁入私法"并不使其获得自治权,其服务于公共利益的本质、国家受法律规制的必然性,不受到影响。国家与国库本质为一体,是一个统一的法人。只有确立了国家的法人地位,国家参与民事活动才有落脚之处,国家民事责任、司法管辖权以及国家经济活动的边界等问题才有解决的可能。因此,我国民法典应当对国家和国库的法律地位加以规定。
[Abstract]:At present, in the process of making the civil code, how to arrange the position of the state becomes a realistic problem. As an important participant in civil activities, the legal status of the state in participating in civil activities is not clear, and the state participates in civil activities. What is involved is mainly the legal relationship of property. Therefore, the subject of the right of state-owned property belongs to the presupposition of the concepts of state land ownership and state-owned enterprises, which is worthy of further study. In German law, This question is mainly answered by treasury theory. When participating in civil activities, the state appears in the form of treasury: the state is regulated by private law through the treasury; however, The fact that the state "escapes into private law" as the treasury does not enable it to gain autonomy, it serves the essence of the public interest, the inevitability of the country being regulated by law, and the nature of the state and the treasury are one body. Is a unified legal person. Only when the legal person status of the state is established, can the state take part in civil activities, and the problems of state civil liability, jurisdiction, and the boundaries of the state's economic activities can be solved. The civil code of our country should stipulate the legal status of the state and treasury.
【作者单位】：北京师范大学法学院;
【分类号】：D923

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