预约及其效力研究

发布时间：2018-03-01 17:51

本文关键词： 预约要件效力违约责任　出处：《中国政法大学》2006年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：预约是契约,是约定将来订立一定契约之契约。预约处在订立本约的谈判过程中,谈判过程的准备性和不确定性,导致了预约的不确定性。本文从预约的这一特质入手,分析了预约的概念、法律性质、分类以及构成要件,在此基础上对预约的法律效力和法律责任了全面的研究。本文主要包括五部分: 引言部分简单介绍了预约的现实意义,即作为契约法对社会交易现实的回应,预约是人们用契约方式调整复杂谈判过程中信赖关系的重要手段第一部分主要分析了预约的概念、法律性质及类型,将预约明确定位为债权契约。其中还包括预约的历史考察及预约与本约的关系。第二部分研究了预约的构成要件,讨论了预约在满足一般契约成立要件后的特殊要求。因预约的不确定性,预约在当事人、契约形式、内容方面有不同的考虑。这些特殊的形式和实质要件为预约的成立提供了标准。第三部分介绍了预约的效力。预约当事人依自由意思对谈判义务的约定是预约效力的根源。为了维护依预约建立的信赖关系,当事人履行约定谈判行为应符合诚实信用原则的要求。在英美法中,允诺禁反言原则使预约成为有拘束力契约。在此基础上,分类说明了预约当事人应当诚信地履行约定的谈判义务。第四部分讨论了违反预约应当承担的违约责任进行。内容涉及预约与缔约过失的关系;预约采用过错责任原则的理由;依据预约不同的确定程度,各种违约赔偿方式的在预约中的具体适用。第五部分为文章的结论,概括阐明了文章的观点。
[Abstract]:Precontract is a contract, contract is agreed to reach in the future. At the conclusion of the contract of appointment about the negotiation process, the readiness of the negotiation process and uncertainty leads to the uncertainty from the appointment. This special appointment with the appointment of the concept, legal nature, classification and elements, this on the basis of the legal effect of reservations and the legal responsibility of the comprehensive study.
This article mainly includes five parts:
The introduction briefly introduces the practical significance of appointment, that is, as a response to the reality of social transactions as a contract law, appointment is an important way to adjust the trust relationship in complex negotiation process with contract.
The first part mainly analyzes the concept, legal nature and types of appointment, making the appointment clearly defined as the creditor's right contract. It also includes the historical investigation of appointment and the relationship between appointment and the covenant.
The second part of the book elements discussed in general to meet the special requirements of the appointment contract was established after the elements. Because of the uncertainty of the appointment, an appointment at the party, the form of the contract, there are different considerations. These special forms and essential elements to provide a standard for the establishment of an appointment.
The third part introduces the legal efficacy. The meaning of freedom of the party with the appointment agreement negotiation obligation is the root of reservation effect. In order to maintain the reservation according to established trust relationship, the parties agreed to fulfil the negotiation behavior should conform to the principle of honesty and credit requirements. In the common law, the doctrine of promissory estoppel to make an appointment to become a binding contract. On this basis, the classification that appointment parties shall faithfully perform contract negotiations obligations.
The fourth part discusses the liability for breach of contract which should be undertaken in violation of an appointment. The content involves the relationship between appointment and contracting negligence, the reason why the appointment adopts the principle of fault liability, and the specific application of various forms of compensation for breach of contract in the appointment according to the different degree of appointment.
The fifth part is the conclusion of the article, which generalizes the views of the article.

【学位授予单位】：中国政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2006
【分类号】：D913

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