我国人体器官捐献法律问题研究

发布时间：2018-03-16 11:42

本文选题：法律属性　切入点：器官捐献　出处：《沈阳师范大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：生命的延续需要多种人体器官的协调运作。作为21世纪医学之巅的器官移植已经成为耳熟能详的词汇,这项医学技术得到广泛应用,使人类从对事物的利用扩展到了人体器官。当今社会医学发展迅速,器官移植这项专业技术在临床医学上得到了普遍的运用。人体器官捐献是器官移植手术的主要器官来源,这种行为也得到了社会各界的赞赏和支持,但是在掌声和感动的背后隐藏着各种有争议的问题,这些涉及到器官捐献的根本问题往往在社会舆论称赞下被忽略。与此同时,器官捐献行为在法学界也引起了广泛的探讨与争论,器官捐献的依据、器官的法律属性以及死者的器官捐献的各种问题成为争议的焦点。传统民法学已满足不了新的形势的需要,比如人体器官的法律属性是什么,什么主体享有捐献器官的权利以及死者的遗体器官又该如何捐献,这些都是非常重要并且需要迫切回答的问题。这就要求我们重新探讨器官捐献的法律问题,只有从法律上对人体器官捐献的各种问题予以明确,才能更好地缓解我国目前器官来源匮乏的境况,以探求立法在这方面的前景。本文从比较有争议的三个真实案例入手,通过对案例的概述和分析,引出本文需要探讨的问题,概括出本文将探讨的关于我国人体器官捐献的争议问题,进而分别对这些争议问题进行论述。首先笔者针对不同的分类标准对人体器官的法律属性进行深入分析,并对案例一中涉及到的器官的属性进行判断。对理论上的几种学者观点作了逐一阐述并提出了本人倾向的观点。对人体器官的法律属性的分析是研究器官捐献其他法律问题的前提,因此笔者接下来对人体器官捐献的主体进行论述,并结合交叉移植的案例对这个问题进行深入的探讨。在分析我国关于器官立法现状的同时提出有关器官捐献主体的建议。最后为了解决实践中产生的各种纠纷,笔者将落脚点放在推定同意原则在我国的适用上,通过对推定同意原则的阐述和我国立法的现状,结合案例进行分析,并提出笔者的一些建议,希望通过本文的研究对目前人体器官捐献出现的各种问题起到一定作用。
[Abstract]:The continuity of life requires the coordinated operation of a variety of human organs. Organ transplantation, the summit of medicine in 21th century, has become a familiar term, and this medical technology has been widely used. Human beings have expanded from the use of things to human organs. Nowadays, medical science has developed rapidly, and organ transplantation has been widely used in clinical medicine. Human organ donation is the main organ source of organ transplantation surgery. This behavior has also been appreciated and supported by all walks of life in society, but behind applause and emotion there are all kinds of controversial issues, which are often ignored by public opinion under the praise of public opinion. The behavior of organ donation has also aroused extensive discussion and controversy in the legal circles, the basis of organ donation, The legal attributes of organs and the various issues of organ donation of the deceased have become the focus of controversy. Traditional civil law has been unable to meet the needs of the new situation, such as what the legal attributes of human organs are. What subjects have the right to donate organs and how to donate organs of the dead are very important questions that need to be answered urgently. This requires us to re-examine the legal issues of organ donation. Only by clarifying the various problems of human organ donation from the legal point of view, can we better alleviate the scarcity of organ sources in our country at present, and explore the prospect of legislation in this respect. Through the summarization and analysis of the case, this paper leads to the problems that need to be discussed in this paper, and generalizes the controversial issues concerning the donation of human organs in our country, which will be discussed in this paper. At first, the author analyzes the legal attributes of human organs according to different classification standards. This paper also makes a judgment on the attributes of organs involved in case one, and expounds the views of several scholars in theory one by one and puts forward his own opinion. The analysis of the legal attributes of human organs is to study organ donation. The premise of his legal problems, Therefore, the author then discusses the main body of human organ donation. Combined with the case of cross-transplantation, this problem is discussed in depth. While analyzing the current situation of organ legislation in China, the author puts forward some suggestions on organ donation subjects. Finally, in order to resolve the various disputes arising in practice, The author focuses on the application of the principle of presumption consent in our country, through the elaboration of the principle of presumption consent and the current situation of our legislation, combined with the case analysis, and puts forward some suggestions of the author. It is hoped that the research in this paper will play a certain role in the problems of organ donation.
【学位授予单位】：沈阳师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D923

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