农村土地承包经营权转让合同的效力认定问题研究

发布时间：2018-03-27 13:01

本文选题：土地承包经营权　切入点：转让　出处：《贵州民族大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：“三农”问题一直是都是我国的核心问题。一定程度上讲,解决三农问题的关键举措是加快农村城镇化进程,而加快农村城镇化进程的重要举措就是加快土地承包经营权的流转。尤其是近年来,随着城市就业岗位的增多,农村人口大量向城市二、三产业转移,农地被抛荒的现象严重,土地承包经营权的流转日益盛行。土地承包经营权转让属于土地流转中的重要方式,但是在法律上却规定了多种限制因素:未经过发包方同意、主体资格(包括转让方和受让方资格)不符合规定、转让于村集体之外未经过民主议定的程序。从历年司法裁判的检索结果来看,违反以上规定会被法院判决土地承包经营权转让合同无效。我们可以看出此三类因素在司法实践中法官一般会作为土地承包经营权转让的限制性因素,但如此判决在当下实际上阻碍了土地承包经营权的流转,侵害了农民对土地承包经营权的自主行使权,违反了合同法中的诚实信用原则,破坏了土地承包经营权的物权性,同时又破坏了土地承包经营权在交易市场上的建立。2015年11月2日,中办及其国办发布了《深化农村改革综合性实施方案》,提出农村土地制度需要深化改革,并且需要抓紧时间修改法律,以便推动土地承包经营权的规范有序流转。本文正是在此中央政策的背景下研究土地承包经营权转让过程中发包方同意等一系列问题。本文重点论述实践中从根本上影响土地承包经营权转让合同效力的限制性因素问题,包括发包方同意程序限制、市场主体资格限制、转让村集体之外的未经过民主议定程序的限制的三个法理问题。从法理上着重论述违反此三个要素的土地承包经营权转让合同的效力认定,分析此个三因素的限制在当今土地承包经营权的流转过程中的不合理之处。从立法、司法上提出符合农村现实发展并且促进农村土地承包经营权的转让的法律建议。本文分四个部分进行写作:第一部分是绪论。简单地介绍了本文的研究背景、研究意义、研究现状和研究方法。第二部分是案例简介及争议焦点的归纳。本部分主要梳理三个相互联系的土地承包经营权转让纠纷的基本案情,并且提炼出法律焦点问题为下一步的写作提供铺垫。第三部分是理论分析。本部分为重点章节,对上部分中的焦点问题进行法理分析,从法理上着重论述设置此三个限制性因素的原因以及结合当今土地承包经营权的流转背景对土地承包经营权转让合同效力的影响进行分析认定。第四部分是案件启示。主要论述以上三个焦点问题并不能影响土地承包经营权转让合同的效力,通过对本文的案例的分析,从立法和司法上提出一些针对性建议,期望对当下土地承包经营权的转让能有助益。
[Abstract]:The issue of "agriculture, countryside and farmers" has always been the core issue in our country. To some extent, the key measure to solve the problem of agriculture, rural areas and farmers is to speed up the process of urbanization in rural areas. An important measure to speed up the process of urbanization in rural areas is to speed up the transfer of the right to contract management of land. Especially in recent years, with the increase of employment posts in cities, a large number of rural people have been transferred to the second and third industries of cities, and the phenomenon of farmland being abandoned has become serious. The transfer of land contractual management right is becoming more and more popular. The transfer of land contractual management right is an important way of land transfer, but there are many legal constraints: without the consent of the contracting party, The qualification of the subject (including the qualifications of the transferor and the transferor) does not meet the requirements, and the transfer of Yu Cun outside the collective has not gone through a democratically agreed procedure. In violation of the above regulations, the court will decide that the contract for the transfer of land contractual management rights will be null and void. We can see that these three factors are generally regarded as restrictive factors for the transfer of land contractual management rights in judicial practice. However, such a judgment actually hinders the circulation of the land contractual management right, infringes on the farmers' right to exercise the land contract management right, violates the principle of good faith in the contract law, and undermines the property right of the land contract management right. On November 2, 2015, China Central Office and its State Affairs Office issued the Comprehensive implementation Plan for deepening Rural Reform, which pointed out that the rural land system needs to be further reformed. And need to hurry up to amend the law, In order to promote the normative and orderly circulation of the land contractual management right, this paper studies a series of problems such as the consent of the contracting party in the transfer process of the land contract management right under the background of this central policy. This paper focuses on discussing the root of the contract management right in practice. The restrictive factors affecting the effectiveness of the contract for the transfer of the right to contract and management of land, Including restrictions on the procedure agreed by the issuer and the qualification of the market subject, There are three legal problems beyond the transfer of village collectives which are not restricted by democratic agreed procedures. From a legal point of view, the validity of the contract for the transfer of the right to contract and manage land in violation of these three elements is emphatically discussed. This paper analyzes the irrationality of the restriction of these three factors in the process of the transfer of the land contract management right. This paper is composed of four parts: the first part is the introduction. The research background and significance of this paper are briefly introduced. The second part is the summary of the case and the focus of the dispute. This part mainly combs the basic facts of the three interrelated disputes over the transfer of the land contractual management right. The third part is the theoretical analysis. This part is divided into key chapters, the focus of the above part of the legal analysis of the focus issues, The reason of setting these three restrictive factors and the influence of the transfer background of the land contract management right on the contract effectiveness of the transfer of the land contract management right are discussed emphatically from the legal theory. The fourth part is the case. Enlightenments. The above three focus issues can not affect the effectiveness of the contract for the transfer of land contractual management rights. Through the analysis of the case in this paper, the author puts forward some specific suggestions from the legislative and judicial aspects, hoping to be helpful to the transfer of the land contractual management right at present.
【学位授予单位】：贵州民族大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D923.6;D922.32

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