附保护第三人作用合同制度研究

发布时间：2018-03-27 21:40

本文选题：附保护第三人作用合同　切入点：第三人范围　出处：《广东财经大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：如何对合同外第三人进行保护一直以来是各国法律所重视的问题。在我国将责任划分为合同责任和侵权责任的前提下,一般将合同外第三人纳入侵权行为法的保护范围。然而社会生活和司法实践中,仅仅只靠侵权法来保护日益复杂的民事关系中的第三人已然不够,那么能否通过其他途径对合同外的第三人加以保护成为本文研究的问题。‘附保护第三人作用合同制度’某种意义上,在我国法律对合同外第三人的保护不足问题的改善提供思路。这项制度的基本内涵是,在债务人可预见范围内,若存在一个特殊的第三人——即该第三人与合同债权人之间存在某种特殊关系,从而使债务人应对其负有照顾、保护、通知等附随义务。产生这项义务的法理依据是合同法上的诚实信用原则。债务人合同行为的履行涉及第三人时,债务人根据诚信对第三人也应承担等价于对债权人的注意义务;同时该制度同时也突破了合同相对性,使特定的合同关系包括保护第三人的功能。我国《合同法》第6条规定了诚实信用原则,同时也存在一些合同制度上对合同相对性原则的突破的情况,在理论基础上,我国是有可以适用或者借鉴‘附保护第三人作用合同’制度的基础的。在实际操作层面上分析,虽然借鉴‘附保护第三人作用合同制度’会模糊我国现行法律下合同责任和侵权责任的界限,但实践中我国对责任竞合的规定使违约责任和侵权责任有重合,若在所有情况下仅机械将所有合同外第三人遭受债务人合同行为的损害划归侵权法保护则会降低当事人得到救济的可能性;其次,虽然借鉴该制度会不可避免的出现如何确定第三人的范围的问题。本文认为,第三人范围的确定一直是该制度不能完美解决的问题,用法律条文穷尽其范围很困难,可以对合同法中相应条款进行扩张解释来解决。另外‘附保护第三人作用合同制度’重点在于提供给合同外第三人以合同责任形式要求债务人承担责任的权利,因此我国法律要借鉴的不是这个制度本身,而是为什么要构建制度的目的。对于我国现行法律而言,更好的保护第三人的方式是赋予第三人自由选择请求权的权利,使其根据案件本身和自己的情况及诉求去请求救济,这种方式对当事人而言更为恰当,同时对我国对第三人的保护目的及法律适用弹性都有很大的意义。
[Abstract]:How to protect the third party outside the contract has always been an important issue in the national law. Under the premise of dividing the liability into contract liability and tort liability in our country, Generally, the third person outside the contract is brought into the protection scope of tort law. However, in social life and judicial practice, it is no longer enough to protect the third person in the increasingly complicated civil relations only by tort law. Well, whether or not the third party outside the contract can be protected through other means has become the problem studied in this paper. 'the contract system of the role of the third party attached to the protection of the third party' is in a sense. The basic connotation of this system is that, within the foreseeable scope of the debtor, the basic connotation of this system is that, If there is a special third party-that is, there is a special relationship between that third party and the creditor of the contract, so that the debtor should take care of and protect it, The legal basis of this obligation is the principle of good faith in contract law. When the performance of the debtor's contract involves a third party, the debtor should also bear the duty of care to the third party according to good faith. At the same time, the system also breaks through the relativity of contract, which makes the specific contractual relationship include the function of protecting the third party. Article 6 of the contract Law of our country stipulates the principle of good faith. At the same time, there are some breakthroughs in contract system to the principle of relativity of contract. On the basis of theory, our country can apply or draw lessons from the system of "protect the third party's role contract". Although drawing lessons from the contract system of "protect the third party's role" will blur the boundary between the contract liability and the tort liability under the current law of our country, but in practice our country's stipulation of the concurrence of the liability makes the liability of breach of contract and the liability of tort overlap. If, in all cases, only the damage to the third party other than the contract suffered by the debtor's contractual act is attributed to the protection of the tort law, the possibility of the party receiving relief will be reduced; secondly, Although the problem of how to determine the scope of the third party will inevitably arise from the system, this paper holds that the determination of the scope of the third party has always been a problem which cannot be solved perfectly by the system, and it is very difficult to exhaust its scope with legal provisions. In addition, the emphasis of the contract system is to provide the third party outside the contract with the right to require the debtor to assume liability in the form of contractual liability. Therefore, what the law of our country should learn from is not the system itself, but the purpose of constructing the system. As far as the current law of our country is concerned, the better way to protect the third party is to give the third party the right to freely choose the right of claim. It is more appropriate for the parties to apply for relief according to the case itself and their own circumstances and demands. At the same time, it is of great significance to the purpose of protection and the flexibility of the application of the law to the third party in our country.
【学位授予单位】：广东财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D923.6

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