遗失物的财产权结构——重新反思梁丽案件

发布时间：2018-03-28 13:36

本文选题：遗失物　切入点：有限理性　出处：《政法论坛》2016年01期

【摘要】：梁丽案件中当事人的自相矛盾,源自传统民法在定位遗失物的权利结构之时,严重忽视了如下事实:即无论拾得人还是所有权人,在遗失物问题上都存在严重的有限理性。这一疏忽导致民事立法对当事人施加了大量的无谓成本,也助长了刑法界中对此类行为动辄归罪的不当倾向。我国物权法对遗失物的判断具有体系上的合理性,但其实际体现了如下不当预设——即国家对遗失物的控制要比个人更加稳妥和可靠,这不仅违背法治精神,且会因严重违背民众的一般认知而引发不必要的非议与反感。立法应当放弃以权利性质来定位权利效力的陈旧进路,转而以把握权利归属过程为核心,明确具体当事人权利的具体内容。
[Abstract]:The contradiction between the parties in Liang Li's case stems from the fact that the traditional civil law, when defining the structure of the rights of the lost property, has seriously neglected the following facts: whether the picker or the owner, There is serious limited rationality in the problem of lost property. This negligence has led to the imposition of a large amount of unnecessary costs on the parties by civil legislation. It also encourages the improper tendency of criminal law to blame such behavior. The judgment of the lost property in the property law of our country is reasonable in system. In practice, however, it is not only contrary to the spirit of the rule of law that State control over lost property is more secure and reliable than that of individuals, And it will cause unnecessary criticism and antipathy because of serious violation of the general cognition of the populace. Legislation should abandon the old way of defining the effectiveness of rights by the nature of rights, and instead take the process of ownership of rights as the core. Clarify the specific content of the rights of specific parties.
【作者单位】：南京师范大学法学院;
【基金】：“江苏高校优势学科建设工程资助项目”的阶段性研究成果南京师范大学中国法治现代化研究院成果
【分类号】：D923.2

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