论商标反向混淆的认定及法律规制

发布时间：2018-03-30 12:58

本文选题：反向混淆　切入点：认定标准　出处：《深圳大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：“非诚勿扰”案引发了各界的广泛讨论,其中最大的争议是判决书中出现的反向混淆一词。反向混淆一词来源于美国判例中,它是指在商标侵权行为中,造成消费者混淆的方向与传统的混淆不同,消费者对在先商标权人的商品或者服务来源发生误认。随着市场经济的发展,我国涉及商标反向混淆的案件也频繁出现,司法实务中均按照我国《商标法》中认定正向混淆的规则进行判决,并采用传统的侵权赔偿标准进行惩罚。但是反向混淆行为在表现形式、构成要件、损害后果等方面都和正向混淆侵权行为存在很大的区别,导致了此类案件在侵权认定以及救济措施方面的不适当,造成了明显的“同案不同判”情况,也引起很多学者的争论。目前,反向混乱在司法实践中的处理方式还很不成熟。首先,反映了人们对商标反向混淆行为的损害缺乏充分的认识;其次,我国无论是在理论界还是在司法界,对反向混淆本身都没有一个权威、明确的定义,并且对反向混淆行为的侵权认定缺乏一个统一的判断标准,这不利于法官对反向混淆侵权的判定,不能实现《商标法》保护商标权人、消费者的利益,维持良好市场秩序的目的。本文试图在现有理论的基础上,通过对反向混淆相关案例进行实证分析,对商标反向混淆认定标准的统一和救济方式的完善提出建议。文章除了引言和结语,主要包括三章:第一章主要阐述关于商标反向混淆的争论。此部分分为两节。第一节是我国理论界关于商标反向混淆行为是否构成商标侵权的争论。主要介绍理论界赞成商标反向混淆构成侵权与不赞成商标反向混淆构成侵权的观点;第二节分析过去几年商标反向混淆的典型案例。总结目前我国司法实践的现状,探讨我国司法实践中的问题。从而说明有必要对商标反向混淆行为的认定及其规则进行研究。第二章主要关于商标反向混淆侵权的法律构成。第一节主要阐述“反向混淆”的起源与发展以及“反向混淆”的界定;第二节为商标反向混淆侵权行为的构成要件,分析确立商标反向混淆认定标准,提出赞同的认定标准进行总结,并进行论证阐述。第三章主要探讨我国是否有必要将反向混淆作为商标侵权进行规制。第三章分为三节,第一节介绍我国商标法中关于商标侵权行为的立法现状,第二节分析我国商标反向混淆侵权立法缺失引起的后果;第三节提出解决的办法,本文建议确立反向混淆侵权的认定标准以及完善商标反向混淆侵权救济措施。
[Abstract]:The "if you are the one" case has aroused extensive discussion, the most controversial of which is the word reverse confusion in the judgment. The term "reverse confusion" comes from the United States' jurisprudence and refers to the infringement of trademarks. The direction of causing consumer confusion is different from traditional confusion. Consumers misrecognize the origin of goods or services of former trademark owners. With the development of the market economy, the cases involving reverse confusion of trademarks also frequently appear in our country. In the judicial practice, they are all judged according to the rules of positive confusion in Trademark Law of our country, and the traditional tort compensation standard is adopted to punish them. The damage consequences and other aspects are very different from the positive confusion tort, which leads to the improper identification of infringement and relief measures in such cases, resulting in an obvious "different judgment in the same case". At present, the way of dealing with reverse confusion in judicial practice is still very immature. First, it reflects the lack of sufficient understanding of the damage caused by trademark reverse confusion; secondly, In our country, there is no authority and clear definition of reverse confusion in either theoretical or judicial circles, and there is a lack of a unified judgment standard for the infringement of reverse confusion. This is not conducive to the judge's judgment of reverse confusion infringement, and can not achieve the purpose of protecting the interests of trademark owners and consumers and maintaining a good market order. Through the empirical analysis of the related cases of reverse confusion, the paper puts forward some suggestions on the unification of the standard of trademark reverse confusion and the perfection of relief methods. This part is divided into two sections. The first section is about whether trademark reverse confusion constitutes trademark infringement in our country. On the view that trademark reverse confusion constitutes tort and disapproval of trademark reverse confusion constitutes infringement; The second section analyzes the typical cases of trademark reverse confusion in the past few years. This paper discusses the problems in the judicial practice of our country. It shows that it is necessary to study the identification of trademark reverse confusion and its rules. The second chapter mainly deals with the legal constitution of trademark reverse confusion infringement. The origin and development of reverse confusion and the definition of reverse confusion; The second section is the elements of trademark reverse confusion tort, analyzes the establishment of trademark reverse confusion identification standards, puts forward the agreed identification standards to sum up. The third chapter mainly discusses whether it is necessary to regulate reverse confusion as trademark infringement in China. The third chapter is divided into three sections. The first section introduces the legislation status of trademark infringement in our trademark law. The second section analyzes the consequences caused by the lack of legislation on reverse confusion of trademark infringement in our country, and the third section puts forward the solution, this article proposes to establish the standard of identification of reverse confusion infringement and to improve the remedy measures of reverse confusion infringement of trademark.
【学位授予单位】：深圳大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D923.43

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