死亡赔偿金的法律制度研究

发布时间：2018-04-11 21:28

本文选题：死亡赔偿金 + 法律制度　；参考：《新疆大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：死亡赔偿金是指赔偿义务人因本人或负有法定义务应监护管理的人或物的侵害行为致使他人死亡时,基于死者密切关系人的请求所做出的法定给付。其宗旨在于维护与死者有着密切关系的人的合法权益。我国死亡赔偿金制度起步较晚,进入二十世纪而后,才有了较大发展,逐步形成了以死者近亲属损害为核心的赔偿制度,但是仍然存在着很多不足,在司法实践中出现了诸多争议和问题,如:对于死亡赔偿金性质无论在立法还是在实务中都没有清楚的界定,请求权主体存在争议,尤其是在死者密切关系人缺位时,请求权主体难以确定,计算标准不统一等。究其根本还是对死亡赔偿金的性质认定不清所导致,这就需要我们重新对性质进行界定,明确请求权主体,统一赔偿标准,完善法律制度,以期对死者密切关系人的合法权益提供更加全面的保护。本文从司法实践中的案例出发,深入剖析,认真查阅相关资料,总结出死亡赔偿金制度在司法实务中出现的问题,并对该制度存在的学说争议进行罗列并加以评析。同时对国外的相关法律制度加以分析研究,结合我国的实际情况予以借鉴,试图打破旧有的以死者近亲属损害为核心的死亡赔偿金制度,特别解决在死者密切关系人缺位时死亡赔偿金制度在司法应用过程中的问题,同时解决计算标准不统一所引起之“同命不同价”这一争议问题。本文主要分为四个部分:第一部分即引言部分,以司法实务的角度引出我们国家现行死亡赔偿金制度凸显的问题:对该死亡赔偿金之性质认定不够清晰,请求权之主体不明确,计算标准不够统一;第二部分重新界定死亡赔偿金之概念,并对该制度相关概念所存在的各种理论学说予以概述并评析;第三部分对德国、意大利、比利时、日本四个国家的死亡赔偿金制度的立法及理论予以分析,为我国相关制度的完善提供借鉴意义;第四部分,根据对上述三部分的分析总结提出自己的粗浅建议:首先,将性质进行重新界定——物质性损害赔偿;其次,明确请求权主体之范围,包括死者密切关系人缺位时,建议将民政局作为请求权主体;再次,借鉴国外先进立法,结合我国具体情况,建议建立统一的计算标准。
[Abstract]:Compensation for death refers to the legal payment of compensation obligor on the basis of the request of the person who is closely related to the deceased when he or she causes the death of another person due to the infringement of the person or thing under the guardianship of which he or she has the legal obligation to administer.Its aim is to safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of those who are closely related to the dead.The death compensation system of our country started relatively late, entered the 20th century, and developed greatly, and gradually formed the compensation system with the damage to the near relatives of the deceased as the core, but there are still many deficiencies.In judicial practice, there are many disputes and problems, such as: there is no clear definition of the nature of death compensation in legislation or practice, the subject of claim is controversial, especially when the deceased is closely related to the absence of the person.The subject of claim is difficult to determine and the standard of calculation is not uniform.The reason is that the nature of the compensation for death is not clear, which requires us to redefine the nature, clarify the subject of the claim, unify the standard of compensation, and perfect the legal system.With a view to the deceased closely related to the legitimate rights and interests of people to provide more comprehensive protection.Starting from the cases in judicial practice, this paper analyzes deeply, carefully consults the relevant information, summarizes the problems in the judicial practice of the death compensation system, and lists and comments on the theoretical disputes existing in the system.At the same time, by analyzing and studying the relevant legal systems in foreign countries and combining with the actual situation in our country, we try to break the old death compensation system, which focuses on the damage to the near relatives of the deceased.In particular, it solves the problem of the death compensation system in the course of judicial application when the deceased is closely related to the absence of the person, and at the same time solves the dispute of "same life and different price" caused by the inconsistent calculation standard.This paper is divided into four parts: the first part is the introduction part, which leads to the prominent problems of the current death compensation system in our country from the angle of judicial practice: the nature of the death compensation is not clear enough, the subject of the right of claim is not clear.The second part redefines the concept of death compensation, and summarizes and evaluates the various theories existing in the relevant concepts of the system. The third part is about Germany, Italy, Belgium,The legislation and theory of death compensation system in four countries of Japan are analyzed to provide reference for the improvement of relevant systems in China. The fourth part, according to the analysis of the above three parts of the summary of their own shallow suggestions: first,Redefine the nature-material damage compensation; secondly, make clear the scope of the subject of claim, including the absence of the deceased closely related people, the Civil Affairs Bureau as the claim subject; again, learn from foreign advanced legislation,According to the concrete situation of our country, it is suggested to establish a unified standard of calculation.
【学位授予单位】：新疆大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D923

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