机动车多重买卖合同中买受人保护问题的研究

发布时间：2018-04-17 18:57

本文选题：机动车 + 多重买卖　；参考：《上海师范大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：机动车多重买卖现象的存在,给买受人的利益带来了重大损害,严重侵害了买受人的合法权益,危害了市场经济秩序,不利于我国市场经济的正常发展,也对整个交易秩序带来了一定的忧患,可以说,这一问题的存在给理论和实践都提出了很多现实性的问题。我国现行法律对机动车多重买卖的的规定主要体现在《物权法》、《最高人民法院关于审理买卖合同纠纷案件适用法律问题的解释》以及一些单行法规之中。但是这些法规相互之间存在着的冲突以及本身存在的争议都不能给予买受人充分的法律保护。例如我国《买卖合同司法解释》第10条明确规定了判定标的物归属时的先后顺序。然而,该司法解释虽然有利于实践中的具体应用,但是该司法解释并没有从最大程度上给予买受人保护,而且其中有些部分与基本的法理和当前的法律不相符合,由此在实践中使得买受人在寻求法律保护时遇到阻碍。因此,笔者认为有必要对这些法律问题进行研究,使得买受人能够在法律中得到更好的保护。本文通过阐述我国现行法律对机动车多重买卖中买受人的保护现状,着重分析了法律在保护买受人利益上的不足之处即次买受人的主观状态不予考虑对先买受人不公;债权原则的破坏,损害了其他买受人的利益;交付的优先性使得已登记的买受人不能得到法律充分的保护;先行支付买受人的利益未予考虑;卖家故意规避法律严重损害本应得到合同履行买家的利益。然后,笔者分析不同国家对机动车多重买卖中买受人保护的现状以及对我国的启示,即不同物权变动模式的国家对买受人保护的程度不一致,债权意思主义模式的国家一般不会发生多重买卖。物权形式主义的国家由于债权行为与物权行为的相分离,比较容易发生多重买卖的现象。而债权形式主义虽然保障了交易便捷,维护了交易安全,在一定程度上平衡了各方的利益,但是如若机动车没有交付,合同无效,那么买受人受到的损害就无法在法律上得到充分的救济。最后,通过对比分析,笔者提出了对机动车买受人保护的几点建议:考虑次买受人的主观状态,以竞价购买及变价受偿的方式维护买受人的债权平等,赋予机动车登记的效力优先于交付,考虑合同履行顺序时加入先行支付,限制出卖人的自由选择权。
[Abstract]:The existence of the phenomenon of multiple buying and selling of motor vehicles has brought great harm to the interests of buyers, seriously infringed upon the legitimate rights and interests of buyers, endangered the order of the market economy, and is not conducive to the normal development of the market economy in our country.The existence of this problem has brought many practical problems to both theory and practice.The provisions of the current law of our country on the multiple sale of motor vehicles are mainly embodied in the property Law, the interpretation of the Supreme people's Court on the legal issues applicable to the handling of disputes in the contract of sale and purchase, and some separate laws and regulations.But the conflict between these laws and disputes cannot afford the buyer sufficient legal protection.For example, Article 10 of the Judicial interpretation of the contract of Sale and purchase clearly specifies the order in which the subject-matter is assigned.However, although the judicial interpretation is beneficial to the concrete application in practice, it does not provide the greatest degree of protection to the buyer, and some parts of it are inconsistent with the basic jurisprudence and the current law.Thus, in practice, buyers encounter obstacles in seeking legal protection.Therefore, I think it is necessary to study these legal issues so that the buyer can be better protected in the law.This paper expounds the current situation of the protection of buyers in the multi-purchase and sale of motor vehicles under the current law of our country, and analyzes emphatically the deficiency of the law in protecting the interests of the buyers, that is, the subjective state of the secondary buyers does not take unfair to the buyers first.The violation of the principle of creditor's rights damages the interests of other buyers; the priority of delivery makes the registered buyer unable to be adequately protected by law; the interests of the buyer who pays in advance are not taken into account;The seller intentionally circumventes the law and seriously damages the buyer's interest in the performance of the contract.Then, the author analyzes the current situation of buyer protection in the multiple buying and selling of motor vehicles in different countries and the enlightenment to our country, that is, different countries with different real right change mode have different degrees of protection to buyers.Countries with a creditor-to-idealist model generally do not buy and sell more.Due to the separation of the act of creditor's rights and the act of real right, the phenomenon of multiple transactions is easy to occur in countries of real right formalism.While the formalism of creditor's rights protects the convenience of transactions, maintains the safety of transactions, and balances the interests of all parties to a certain extent, if the motor vehicle is not delivered, the contract is invalid.The damage to the buyer cannot be adequately remedied by law.Finally, through comparative analysis, the author puts forward several suggestions for the protection of motor vehicle buyers: considering the subjective state of the secondary buyers, maintaining the equality of the buyer's creditor's rights in the way of competitive purchase and variable price compensation.The validity of vehicle registration is given priority over delivery, and the prior payment is added when considering the order of performance of the contract, and the free option of the seller is restricted.
【学位授予单位】：上海师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D923.6;D923.2

【参考文献】