高压触电侵权案件中过失相抵研究

发布时间：2018-04-17 23:03

本文选题：高压触电侵权 + 侵权责任法　；参考：《西北大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：高压电尽管属于高度危险源,但高压电的存在造福了人类社会,提高了人民生活质量。高压电给人们带来利益的同时,也存在着严峻的风险。近年来,随着经济的发展和社会的进步,触电事故引发的民事纠纷越来越多,原因也纷繁复杂。为了公平的分担损失,促使受害人和第三人小心谨慎行为,尽可能的避免事故的发生,《侵权责任法》在总结以往立法经验的基础上,增设了过失相抵,从而使侵权责任的分配更加公平合理。但我国立法关于过失相抵的具体规定还不够详尽和明确,在司法实践应用中仍存在一些争议,导致判决结果混乱。上述存在的问题,理论上虽有一定的研究,但还不够充分,许多争议性问题仍未解决。本文以《侵权责任法》为视角,除论文引言外,分为四个部分进行论述。首先,论述了我国高压触电侵权过失相抵的立法及司法现状；其次,结合典型案例总结和梳理了高压触电过失相抵在立法中存在的不足和《侵权责任法》实施以来司法实践中适用过失相抵处理高压触电侵权案件中存在的具体问题。分别为：《侵权责任法》未对高压电与低压电的界定标准作出规定；《侵权责任法》关于侵权人免责事由的规定相互矛盾；过失相抵的适用条件及法律后果规定不够明确；过失相抵的适用范围及适用方式规定过于笼统；法官对受害人“故意及过失”的理解、行为“合法性”的认识及对电力设施产权人是否“尽到警示义务”的认定不同；再次,对部分域外国家关于过失相抵的起源、演变和发展进行对比分析,总结了域外过失相抵制度对我国的启示。最后,在借鉴他国先进经验的基础上,从立法、司法两个方面提出了完善建议。笔者通过研究‘探讨过失相抵如何在高压触电侵权案件中合理应用,以期对确立一个科学合理且便于操作的过失相抵提供有限的帮助。
[Abstract]:Although high voltage is a high dangerous source, the existence of high voltage brings benefits to human society and improves people's quality of life.High voltage brings benefits to people, but there are also severe risks.In recent years, with the development of economy and society, there are more and more civil disputes caused by electric shock accidents.In order to share the loss fairly, urge the victim and the third person to act carefully and avoid the accident as far as possible, the Tort liability Law has added the fault offset on the basis of summing up the previous legislative experience.Thus, the distribution of tort liability is more fair and reasonable.However, there are still some disputes in the application of judicial practice, which leads to the confusion of the judgment result.Although the above problems have been studied in theory, they are not enough, and many controversial problems have not been solved.From the perspective of Tort liability Law, this paper is divided into four parts except the introduction of the paper.First of all, it discusses the legislation and judicial status of tort offset of high voltage electric shock in China.Combined with typical cases, this paper summarizes and combs the shortcomings in the legislation of fault offset of high voltage electric shock and the concrete problems existing in the judicial practice of applying fault offset to deal with the infringement cases of high voltage electric shock since the implementation of the Tort liability Law.They are as follows: the Tort liability Law does not define the standard of high-voltage electricity and low-voltage electricity; the tort liability law has conflicting provisions on the reasons for exemption of infringers; the applicable conditions and legal consequences of fault offset are not clear enough;The scope of application and the applicable mode of fault offset are too general; the judge's understanding of the victim's "intention and negligence", the understanding of the behavior "legality" and the determination of whether the power facility property owner "fulfill the duty of warning" are different; thirdly,This paper makes a comparative analysis of the origin, evolution and development of fault offset in some foreign countries, and sums up the enlightenment of the extraterritorial fault offset system to our country.Finally, based on the advanced experience of other countries, some suggestions are put forward from the aspects of legislation and judicature.The author discusses how to apply fault offset in tort cases of high voltage electric shock reasonably by studying it, in order to provide limited help for establishing a scientific, reasonable and easy to operate fault offset.
【学位授予单位】：西北大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D923

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