违约精神损害赔偿实证研究

发布时间：2018-04-18 03:35

本文选题：违约 + 精神损害赔偿　；参考：《江西理工大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：我国精神损害赔偿只作为侵权责任的救济方式,对违约责任的适用并没有明确法律依据。但事实层面上,以追求精神利益和愉悦为目的的合同、以及与人格利益、人身利益密切相关的事物或行为为标的的合同日益增多,违约存在导致精神领域损害的可能性,在裁判文书网上对“违约精神损害赔偿”案由进行检索,也可发现此类纠纷绝非个例。理论界尚且观点无法统一,司法实践就更是缺乏统一标准和尺度,法官在认定违约精神损害赔偿是否成立的过程中,也是乱象丛生。基于此,对违约精神损害赔偿的进一步探讨和研究,不仅具有深远的理论价值,也极具司法实践的指导意义。本文主要分为以下五个部分:第一部分是违约精神损害赔偿的实证研究。以中国裁判文书网上判决时间为2008年1月1日至2014年12月31日区间内的326个有效文书为样本,进行多层次统计学分析后可知,绝大部分判决对违约精神损害赔偿持否定态度,但仍有约21.17%的判决支持了违约精神损害赔偿,且主要集中某些特殊合同领域。第二部分是违约精神损害赔偿的理论与实践。在英美法系和大陆法系中,基本以司法实践的形式有限度地确立了违约精神损害赔偿制度,为我国违约精神损害赔偿制度构建开拓视野,提供域外经验。同时,学界关于该问题也存在肯定说和否定说的分歧,但有条件地支持违约精神损害赔偿较完全否定而言更具正当性,也并不会破坏基本合同理论,司法实践中,同样对于违约是否应当支持精神损害赔偿存在不同的裁判观点,法官的裁判观点差异较大。由于立法的不明确、学说的不统一导致实践中裁判的混乱,因此,有必要明确违约精神损害赔偿的必要性,以维护当事人的合法权益和司法统一。第三部分是违约精神损害赔偿适用的合同类型。违约精神损害赔偿制度绝不是毫无限制的,排除在商事合同、非自然人主体的合同、纯粹财产性合同等情形中适用精神损害赔偿可以控制滥用风险。在划定特殊领域适用范围的基础上,列举具体适用的合同类型,如以精神享受为目的的合同等,更有利于司法裁判。第四部分是违约精神损害赔偿适用的具体规则。主要从构成要件、司法适用的视角对制度适用中涉及的范围、举证责任分配、赔偿标准进行论述,为司法实践提供有益参考。第五部分是结语。得出至少在某些合同类型中应当适用精神损害赔偿的基本结论,同时提出类型化的立法模式建立违约精神损害赔偿制度具有较强的操作性,符合民众生活逻辑和法律逻辑,作为本文的立法建议。通过实证研究和理论论证,得出违约精神损害赔偿构建的必要性和限制性适用条件,科学构建违约精神损害赔偿制度,既能从理论上为合同相对方的非财产性利益提供保障依据,也顺应了世界潮流,与英美法系和大陆法系接轨,突破传统民法理论,在合同法领域为精神损害提供违约救济。
[Abstract]:The mental damage compensation in our country just as tort liability relief, and there is no clear legal basis of liability for breach of contract. But the fact, the purpose of the contract in order to seek spiritual interest and pleasure, and personal interests, things are closely related to personal interests or behavior as the subject of the contract is increasing, there is default the possibility to cause mental damage in the field, the referee instruments online on "spirit indemnity" case retrieval, can be found in this kind of dispute is definitely not alone. The theory still views can not be unified, judicial practice is the lack of uniform standards and scale, the judge to define the default process whether the mental damage compensation, and chaos based on this, to further explore and study the spiritual damage compensation in breach of contract, not only has the profound theory value, but also very judicial practice significance. This paper Divided into the following five parts: the first part is the empirical research on the damages for breach of the spirit of the referee instruments online. In Chinese decision time was 326 effective January 1, 2008 to December 31, 2014 within the range of the instrument as a sample, multi-level analysis statistics show that most of the decision to hold a negative attitude of damages for breach of the spirit, but there are still about 21.17% the decision to support the compensation for moral damage, and mainly concentrated in some special areas of the contract. The second part is the theory and practice of compensation for moral damage in breach of contract. In the Anglo American law system and continental law system, basic to the judicial practice in the form of establishing the system of compensation for moral damage, to broaden the horizon for construction system of compensation for moraldamage I in China, with foreign experience. At the same time, scholars on the problems also exist positive and negative differences, but conditional support default fine God is a complete denial of compensation for more legitimate, also do not undermine the basic contract theory, in judicial practice, for breach of contract should also support the spirit of damages has different judicial point of view, the differences of opinion judge greatly. Because the legislation is not clear, the theory is not unified in practice in the confusion, therefore it is necessary, it is necessary for spiritual damage compensation, in order to safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of the parties and the judicial unity. The third part is the spiritual compensation in breach of contract type applicable. Spiritual damage compensation system is not without restrictions, excluded from the commercial contract, non natural person subject of the contract, pure property contract etc. in compensation for spiritual damage can control the abuse risk. Based on special range is applicable to the field of regulation, lists the specific application of the type of contract, such as the spirit of enjoyment For the purpose of the contract, more conducive to the administration of justice. The fourth part is the specific rules of damages for breach of the spirit of applicable. Mainly from the constitution, judicial application perspective on the system application scope, the allocation of the burden of proof, discusses the compensation standard, provide a useful reference for the judicial practice. The fifth part is the conclusion that at least. Some type of contract should be the basic conclusion of compensation for moral damage, and puts forward the legislative mode of the type of establishment of the system of compensation for moral damage has strong operation, meet the people's life logic and law logic, as legislative proposals in this paper. Through empirical and theoretical studies, the construction of compensation for moral damage in breach of contract and necessity restrictive conditions, the scientific construction of the system of compensation for moral damage, not only from the theory of contract for non property interests. It also complies with the trend of the world, and is in line with the Anglo American legal system and the continental law system. It breaks through the traditional civil law theory and provides a breach of contract for the spiritual damage in the field of contract law.

【学位授予单位】：江西理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D923.6

【参考文献】