论登记对抗主义的“本土化”

发布时间：2018-04-18 11:20

本文选题：公示原则 + 登记对抗　；参考：《山东大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：在意思主义的物权变动模式之下,物权变动难以通过公示而向外界表彰,权利人可能对于其权利进行多次处分,导致在多个受让人之间产生权利冲突,登记对抗主义正是为了弥补意思主义的此种不足而采取的补救措施。这种被动建立起来的制度与德国民法中为表彰物权变动而主动建立起来的公示制度有着本质区别,之于前者,登记只是决定对于何人进行优先保护的标准,因为其并不承担表彰物权变动的功能,因而登记的时间点不必与物权变动的时间点一致,此时的登记被冠以"宣示登记"之名,之于后者,为了全面、及时、客观地公示物权,登记的时间点必须与物权变动的时间点一致,此时形式主义的立法模式成为必然选择,而登记也必须采用"设权登记"。因为宣示登记并不能表彰物权变动,自然不能充当公示方法,更不具有公示的"善意取得效力"即公信力。登记对抗主义的立法目的乃是为了解决因采取意思主义的物权变动模式而导致的物权变动不透明引发的权利冲突,这种权利冲突因与我国民法法律秩序所确定的权利体系相结合,而呈现出多种样态,其中,最为重要的是物权与债权之间的权利冲突并非登记对抗的规范领域。登记对抗主义所解决的权利冲突的多样性导致"对抗"的含义也呈现多样性,即登记对抗主义下,"对抗"的含义需要通过类型化具体确定,同时,在登记对抗主义之下,最令人困扰的善意第三人的范围,也需要结合登记对抗所解决的权利冲突的类型确定。澄清登记对抗主义的功能,对于正确处理特殊动产中的物权变动问题意义重大:在特殊动产所有权变动中,交付为特殊动产所有权变动的公示方法,并具有公信力;登记只是能够在一定程度上起到阻却第三人的善意取得的作用。在特殊动产所有权变动中,登记作为"善意取得阻却要件",只是登记在解决权利冲突中作为"优先保护要件"的一种特殊体现,要全面把握此处"优先保护要件"的含义,则需具体分析哪些种类的权利冲突适用登记对抗主义解决。此外,应当注意,登记对抗主义解决权利冲突的功能因是否与"法律不保护恶意"相结合,而呈现出不同的形态,产生对于恶意第三人是否进行保护的问题,对此,我国民法拒绝对恶意第三人进行保护。这是在一开始研究登记对抗主义的功能时就需要注意的问题。"意思主义+登记对抗主义"的规范模式有其积极作用,但是更多的是其缺陷:与物权的绝对性相悖,容易引发纠纷,不利于保护交易安全等等,在我国法律秩序之下,登记对抗主义对于农村土地承包经营权、宅基地使用权及地役权而言,其积极意义十分有限。对于,对于动产抵押与浮动抵押而言,随着行政改革的深化和登记的电子化,登记成本无疑会逐渐降低,立法应当改采登记要件主义以兴利除弊。
[Abstract]:Under the mode of property right change of will doctrine, it is difficult for real right change to be recognized to the outside world through publicity. The obligee may deal with his right many times, resulting in the conflict of rights between several transferees.Register antagonism is the remedy to remedy this deficiency of idealism.This passive system is essentially different from the public announcement system in German civil law, which is actively established to recognize the change of real rights. To the former, registration is only a criterion for determining who should be given priority protection.Because it does not perform the function of commending the change of real right, the time point of registration does not need to be the same as the point of time of the change of real right. At this time, the registration is labelled as "declared registration", and in the latter case, in order to comprehensively, timely, and objectively publicize the real right,The time point of registration must be consistent with the time point of the change of real right. At this time, the legislative mode of formalism becomes the inevitable choice, and the registration must also adopt "registration of right of establishment".Because the declaration registration can not recognize the change of real right, it can not act as the method of publicity, let alone the public "bona fide effect", that is, credibility.The legislative purpose of register antagonism is to solve the conflict of rights caused by the opacity of property right change caused by the change of real right mode of will doctrine.This conflict of rights is combined with the system of rights determined by the legal order of civil law of our country, and presents a variety of forms, among which, the most important one is that the conflict of rights between real right and creditor's right is not the normative field of registration confrontation.The multiplicity of conflicts of rights resolved by register antagonism leads to the diversity of the meaning of "confrontation", that is, under register antagonism, the meaning of "confrontation" needs to be specifically determined by typology, and at the same time, under register antagonism,The scope of the most troubling bona fide third party also needs to be determined in conjunction with the type of conflict of rights resolved by registration confrontation.Clarifying the function of register antagonism is of great significance to correctly deal with the problem of real right change in special movable property: in the change of ownership of special movable property, the method of public announcement of the change of ownership of special movable property is delivered, and it has credibility;Registration can only act as a deterrent to a third person's bona fide acquisition.In the change of ownership of special movable property, registration, as a "bona fide acquisition hindrance element", is only a special embodiment of "priority protection element" in resolving the conflict of rights, so it is necessary to grasp the meaning of "priority protection element" in an all-round way.Then it is necessary to analyze which kinds of conflicts of rights should be solved by registration antagonism.In addition, it should be noted that the function of registration as a countervailing solution to conflicts of rights, because of its combination with "malevolence of law without protection", takes on a different form and raises the question of whether or not to protect malicious third parties,China's civil law refuses to protect malicious third parties.This is an issue that needs to be noted at the outset when studying the function of registering antagonism. "The normative mode of "doctrine of intention registration antagonism" has its positive effect, but it has more defects: it is contrary to the absolute property right, easy to cause disputes, is not conducive to the protection of transaction security, and so on, under the legal order of our country.The positive significance of registration antagonism is very limited for rural land contractual management right, homestead use right and easement.As for chattel mortgage and floating charge, with the deepening of administrative reform and the computerization of registration, the cost of registration will undoubtedly decrease gradually.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D923.2

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