网络环境下隐私权民法保护的完善探讨

发布时间：2018-04-26 14:10

本文选题：隐私权 + 网络　；参考：《中央民族大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着网络技术的发展,隐私权侵权行为受到越来越多的重视,《中华人民共和国民法总则》明确将隐私权列为基本人权,从国家层面加强了对隐私权的保护力度。隐私权在网络环境下产生了三个特征,即:侵权主体多元化、侵权客体数据化和损害后果严重化。根据隐私权的特征,结合目前隐私权保护的相关立法,通过分析发现隐私权保护目前存在的两个问题。首先,信息时代的隐私权已经不再是消极的"独处的权利",而应该是一种积极主动并可受控制的权力,个人应当能够主动支配自己的隐私是否暴露于网络环境中。这种情况下,对隐私权进行保护,也不能仅仅针对隐私权侵权行为发生之后进行,应当将法律的保护提前到侵权行为发生前。这就需要制定一种侵权防御性机制,规范网络服务提供者的行为,要求他们将保护隐私信息作为日常的行为规范,防止隐私信息泄露。我国目前对于隐私权侵权并没有防御性规定,而在隐私权保护较为发达的英、美等国,已经在法律中出现了防御性保护的相关规定。本文在研究欧盟以及美国的法律规定基础上,提出了将隐私权侵权防御性机制本土化的设想。其次,在隐私权侵权行为发生之后,精神损害赔偿是补偿被侵权人的重要方式。目前我国的法律规定对精神损害赔偿的起点规定得较高、考虑因素不完善,同时精神损害赔偿的数额也无法适应当下的发展。本文针对以上三个问题,建议扩大隐私权精神损害赔偿的范围,将达到轻微精神损害标准以上的精神损害纳入赔偿范围。此外,我国目前对精神损害赔偿范围的考量因素与域外相比并不是特别全面,本文对日本和德国的相关规定进行了整理、分析,找到我国考量因素的不足,提出完善建议。最后,对精神损害赔偿具体数额的判定,本文首先对域外相关规定进行了整理,分析其他国家和地区精神损害的赔偿方式,提出我国在针对精神损害赔偿制度的完善中,尤其是对于侵犯隐私权这类人格权的精神损害赔偿制度设计中,应当考虑制定较为宽泛的赔偿范围。对精神损害的赔偿数额进行计算,主要可以考虑三个原则:适当经济补偿原则、合理限制原则和自由裁量原则。在这三项原则的指导下,确定侵犯隐私权的精神损害赔偿的具体数额。
[Abstract]:With the development of network technology, more and more attention has been paid to the infringement of the right to privacy. The General principles of Civil Law of the people's Republic of China explicitly regard the right of privacy as a basic human right and strengthen the protection of the right of privacy at the national level. The privacy right has three characteristics in the network environment, that is, the subject of infringement is diversified, the object of infringement is digitalized and the consequence of damage is serious. According to the characteristics of the right of privacy and the relevant legislation of the protection of the right of privacy at present, this paper finds out two problems existing in the protection of the right of privacy. First of all, the privacy right in the information age is no longer a passive "right of solitude", but a kind of active and controllable power. The individual should be able to control whether his privacy is exposed to the network environment or not. In this case, the protection of the right of privacy can not only be carried out after the infringement of the right to privacy, the protection of the law should be advanced to the occurrence of the infringement. Therefore, it is necessary to establish a defensive mechanism for infringement, to regulate the behavior of network service providers, to require them to take the protection of privacy information as a daily behavior norm, and to prevent the disclosure of privacy information. At present, there are no defensive provisions for the infringement of the right of privacy in China, but in Britain and the United States, where the protection of the right of privacy is more developed, there are some relevant provisions of defensive protection in the law. Based on the study of the European Union and the United States, this paper puts forward the idea of localization of the defense mechanism of privacy infringement. Secondly, after the infringement of privacy, compensation for mental damage is an important way to compensate the infringee. At present, the legal provisions of our country stipulate the starting point of mental damage compensation is high, the consideration factor is not perfect, at the same time, the amount of mental damage compensation can not adapt to the current development. In view of the above three problems, this paper suggests that the scope of the compensation for mental damage in the right to privacy should be expanded, and the mental damage above the standard of minor mental damage should be included in the scope of compensation. In addition, the scope of compensation for mental damage in our country is not particularly comprehensive compared with the foreign countries. This paper collates and analyzes the relevant provisions of Japan and Germany, finds out the deficiencies of the factors considered in our country, and puts forward some suggestions for perfection. Finally, for the determination of the specific amount of compensation for mental damage, this paper first arranges the relevant provisions of foreign countries, analyzes the compensation methods of other countries and regions, and points out that our country is in the process of perfecting the system of compensation for mental damage. In particular, in the design of compensation system for mental damage, which infringes the right to privacy, a broad range of compensation should be considered. To calculate the amount of compensation for moral damage, three principles can be considered: the principle of appropriate economic compensation, the principle of reasonable limitation and the principle of discretion. Under the guidance of these three principles, the specific amount of compensation for moral damages violating the right to privacy is determined.
【学位授予单位】：中央民族大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D923

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