情谊行为引起的侵权责任研究

发布时间：2018-04-26 16:55

本文选题：情谊行为 + 侵权责任　；参考：《南京师范大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：情谊行为是出于形成、维护、增进人与人之间的美好情感的目的实施的,缺乏受法律约束意思的无偿利他的行为。这个概念产生自学界对于判例的讨论,德国民法学界将之称为Gefalligkeit,我国大陆学者邵建东先生在翻译《德国民法总论》一书时将之译为“情谊行为”。情谊行为在日常生活中十分普遍,如允许同事搭乘顺风车、邀请朋友一起吃饭、替邻居照看孩子等。本文重在情谊行为界定及其法律后果分析。一方面,力图在完整定义情谊行为基础上,探讨情谊行为的性质及其在法律体系中的地位,以便在司法实践中明确界定情谊行为;另一方面,通过对案例事实的研究,划分情谊行为引起侵权责任的类型,建立起情谊行为引起侵权责任时的纠纷解决机制,为化解情谊行为引起的法律纠纷提供明确的制度支撑。从结构上看,本文可以分为四个部分。第一部分是情谊行为的概述。着力于界定情谊行为的内涵和外延,阐述其具有给付的无偿性、非自利性和缺乏受法律拘束的意思三项法律特征,从而得出情谊行为的定义。在此基础上,论述顺利完成的情谊行为法律性质有别于法律行为和事实行为,应当属于不受法律评价的法外空间。第二部分是情谊行为引起侵权责任的类型分析。本部分用六个案例引出了三类典型情谊行为,包括好意同乘、共同饮酒和馈赠礼品,在此基础上从宏观角度对于情谊行为中各方的侵权责任作出法理分析。第三部分是情谊行为引起的侵权责任的承担。集中论述对于因施惠方面造成受惠方损害的情形中,不能免除侵权人的责任,而应适用过错责任归责原则,具体分析侵权责任的构成要件以判断责任的成立。之后阐述了情谊行为引起侵权责任的减免因素,特别提出有必要将情谊因素作为责任减轻事由。第四部分阐述我国民法调整情谊行为现状,并提出完善建议。本部分首先概述我国目前对于情谊行为存在立法空白、司法不统一的状况,其次基于现状提出了相应法条设计建议,并阐述所拟法条的必要性和合理之处,最后结合对前文案例的分析提出具体的司法适用建议,期望能够做到同案同判、公平正义。
[Abstract]:The behavior of friendship is carried out for the purpose of forming, maintaining and promoting the good feelings between people, and it lacks the behavior of free altruism which is bound by law. This concept gave rise to the discussion of jurisprudence in self-study circles, which is called Gefalligkeitin German civil law circles, and translated by Chinese mainland scholar Shao Jiandong into "Friendship behavior" when he translated the General Theory of German Civil Law. Friendships are common in everyday life, such as allowing colleagues to ride the windmill, inviting friends to dinner, and babysitting neighbors. This paper focuses on the definition of friendship and its legal consequences. On the one hand, it tries to explore the nature of the act of friendship and its status in the legal system on the basis of a complete definition of the act of friendship, in order to clearly define the act of friendship in judicial practice; on the other hand, through the study of the facts of the case, To divide the types of tort liability caused by friendship act, to establish the dispute settlement mechanism of the tort liability caused by friendship act, and to provide clear system support for resolving the legal dispute caused by friendship act. In terms of structure, this paper can be divided into four parts. The first part is the summary of friendship behavior. This paper tries to define the connotation and extension of friendship behavior, and expounds its three legal characteristics, that is, free of payment, non-self-interest and lack of the intention of being bound by law, so as to come up with the definition of friendship behavior. On this basis, it is discussed that the legal nature of the successfully completed friendship act is different from the legal act and the factual act, and should belong to the extra-legal space which is not subject to legal evaluation. The second part is the type analysis of tort liability caused by friendship act. This part uses six cases to draw out three kinds of typical friendship behavior, including good intentions, common drinking and gifts, on the basis of which the author makes a legal analysis of the tort liability of each party in the friendship act from the macro perspective. The third part is the responsibility of tort caused by friendship act. This paper focuses on the situation that the beneficiary can not be exempted from the liability of the infringer, but should apply the principle of attribution of fault liability, and analyze the constitutive elements of the tort liability in order to judge the establishment of the liability. After that, it expounds the relief factor of tort liability caused by friendship act, especially puts forward the necessity of taking friendship factor as the reason of liability mitigation. The fourth part elaborates our country civil law adjusts the friendship behavior present situation, and puts forward the consummation proposal. This part first summarizes the current situation that there are legislative gaps and judicial disunity for friendship behavior in our country. Secondly, based on the present situation, the author puts forward some suggestions for the design of the corresponding articles, and expounds the necessity and reasonableness of the proposed articles. Finally, combining the analysis of the previous cases, the author puts forward specific suggestions of judicial application, hoping to achieve the same case, fair and just.
【学位授予单位】：南京师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D923

【参考文献】