未来财产担保法律问题研究

发布时间：2018-05-13 09:18

本文选题：未来财产担保 + 动产浮动抵押　；参考：《兰州大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着我国市场经济的蓬勃发展,传统的融资担保方式已经不能够满足市场主体对于融资的要求,在实践中涌现出了许多以未来财产为标的物的新型担保方式,如动产浮动抵押、应收帐款质押以及在建工程抵押,这些新型的担保方式对于拓宽市场主体的融资渠道起到了非常重要的作用。然而“未来财产”一词并非学界的主流词汇,仅出现在个别学者的著作中。在我国现行法律中虽然承认了这些新型担保方式的合法性,但是散见于相关法律法规中的条文之间相互冲突,配套措施的落后甚至缺位,都阻碍了未来财产担保作用的充分发挥,不论是在理论上还是在实践中都有必要对未来财产担保的法律问题进行研究和探讨。本文主要分为五个部分：第一部分是对未来财产担保的界定。“未来财产”在我国还没有作为正式的法律词汇,是作者通过对我国法律条文的梳理和总结,将相关的财产类型称为“未来财产”的,所以有必要对其进行概念和范围上的界定,并通过上述分析梳理出我国未来财产担保的三种典型类型,进而阐述了未来财产担保作为新型的担保类型,与传统的担保类型存在的冲突和磨合之处。第二部分主要考察了国外未来财产担保制度,简要介绍了国外未来财产担保制度的历史发展,选取了英国、美国、日本这三个比较有代表性的国家,通过三个国家在主体资格的认定、客体范围的规定、登记制度的规定以及担保的实现这四个方面的相关制度,进行比较和分析,以期对我国未来财产担保制度的构建提供建议和思路。第三部分是文章的主体部分,是对我国未来财产担保法律制度的评析。笔者结合我国法律法规,以动产浮动抵押、应收帐款质押、在建工程抵押这三种典型的担保方式为出发点,通过对三种担保制度的法律条文梳理,结合实务概括出制度的优越性,深入分析这些制度在立法和实务层面的风险性。第四部分亦为文章的主体部分,主要是针对第三部分中提到的未来财产担保制度的立法和实务风险,从制度的主体范围、客体范围、登记制度、担保的实现等方面提出立法建议。同时在实务上探索未来财产担保的风险防范。考虑到商业银行是未来财产担保制度中经常涉及到的主体,笔者对于未来财产担保风险防范的实务探索也主要是从商业银行的角度出发,以期为避免实务中未来财产担保的风险尽绵薄之力。由于市场经济中企业的融资需要和银行的发展需要,“未来财产担保”这一新生事物,正如“应收账款质押”得到立法认可的过程一样,也将在银行实践中经过总结和规范之后,最终得到司法和立法的承认。但在我国现行法律框架下,仍有较大的法律风险。为进一步规范未来财产担保,有必要对有关问题进行制度分析和实务探讨。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of China's market economy, the traditional financing guarantee method has not been able to meet the requirements of the market main body for financing. In practice, a number of new guarantee methods, such as movable property floating mortgage, receivables pledge and construction mortgage, have emerged. It has played a very important role in broadening the financing channels of the market subject. However, the term "future property" is not the mainstream vocabulary of the academic world, but only in the works of individual scholars. Although the validity of these new guarantee methods is recognized in the current law of our country, the provisions in the relevant laws and regulations are conflicting with each other, The backwardness and absence of the supporting measures have hindered the full play of the future property guarantee. Both in theory and in practice, it is necessary to study and discuss the legal issues of the future property guarantee. This article is divided into five parts: the first part is the definition of the security of the property. "Future property" is in me The country has not yet been used as a formal legal term, and it is the author by combing and summarizing the legal provisions of our country and calling the related property types as "future property", so it is necessary to define it in concept and scope, and to sort out three typical types of China's future financial guarantee through the above analysis, and then explain the future. As a new type of guarantee, the property guarantee is in conflict with the traditional guarantee type. The second part mainly examines the foreign future property guarantee system, briefly introduces the historical development of the foreign future property guarantee system, and selects three more representative countries in Britain, the United States and Japan, through three countries. In the four aspects of the identification of the subject, the scope of the object, the regulations of the registration system and the implementation of the guarantee, we compare and analyze the relevant systems in order to provide suggestions and ideas for the construction of the future property guarantee system in our country. The third part is the main part of the article and the evaluation of the legal system of the future property guarantee in China. The author combines the laws and regulations of our country, taking the floating mortgage of movable property, the pledge of accounts receivable, the three typical guarantee methods of building the project mortgage as the starting point, combing the legal provisions of the three guarantee system, summarizing the superiority of the system in combination with the practice, and deeply analyzing the risk of the system in the legislative and practical level, fourth parts. For the main part of the article, it mainly aims at the legislative and practical risks of the future property guarantee system mentioned in the third part, and proposes legislative proposals from the scope of the main body of the system, the scope of the object, the registration system, the realization of the guarantee and so on. At the same time, it also explores the risk prevention of the future financial guarantee in practice. The main body of the property guarantee system is often involved. The author's practical exploration of the risk prevention of the future property security is mainly from the perspective of commercial banks, in order to avoid the risk of the future property guarantee in practice. This new thing, just as the process of "the pledge of accounts receivable" is approved by the legislature, will also be accepted by the judiciary and legislation after the bank practice is summarized and standardized. But under the current legal framework of our country, there is still a great legal risk. It is necessary to ask the relevant questions for further regulation of the future property guarantee. The system analysis and practical discussion are carried out.

【学位授予单位】：兰州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D923

【参考文献】