论特殊体质受害人人身损害之赔偿标准

发布时间：2018-05-14 22:31

本文选题：特殊体质 + 损害赔偿　；参考：《中国政法大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：特殊体质之人因为身体较正常人更脆弱,抵御风险能力有限,更易遭受他人侵害,需要法律的特别保护和救济。我国的法律并未对特殊体质受害人人身损害赔偿之标准进行明确的规定。由此导致在我国的司法实践中,法院对于特殊体质受害人人身损害赔偿之裁判标准不尽相同。法院大致存在两种裁判思路:第一种就是法律解释论的裁判思路。我国相关法律法规、司法解释等规范性文件并未明确特殊体质构成减轻侵权人责任之法定抗辩事由,因此侵权人应该赔偿特殊体质受害人的全部合理损失;第二种裁判思路就是原因力理论的适用。加害行为与特殊体质共同导致损害后果的发生,二者都是损害发生之原因,应该根据各自的原因力大小在侵权人和受害人之间分担损失。无论是从法律解释论的视角,又或是根据原因力理论去确定侵权人损害赔偿之标准未免太过僵硬。一方面,一律从法律解释出发要求侵权人承担完全赔偿责任可能对侵权人过分苛责;另一方面,受害人的特殊体质是否能被视为是损害之部分原因受制于法官的政策考量。机械地根据原因力理论减轻侵权人的责任则对受害人非常不公。是故,我认为应该立足于损害的公平分担与保障行为自由的原则,综合考虑侵权人的主观过错形态、损害预防的效率以及损害的可预见性等因素进行价值分析和判断。最后在价值判断的基础上建构特殊体质受害人人身损害赔偿之标准。侵权人造成特殊体质受害人人身损害后果的,原则上应该对受害人的全部损失予以赔偿。完全赔偿原则具有比较法上的法律实践基础以及法理上的正当性。英国、美国、德国、瑞士、比利时等国家的法律实践充分体现完全赔偿原则;而损害填补、损害预防也要求侵权人承担完全赔偿责任。完全赔偿原则彰显了法律保障身体残障者平等参与社会之权利。同时,完全赔偿原则在适用也存在一定的限制。应该充分考虑受害人的过错、受害人的特殊体质状况以及医疗侵权的特殊性,相应减轻侵权人的赔偿责任。
[Abstract]:Because people with special constitution are more vulnerable than normal people, they have limited ability to resist risks and are more vulnerable to abuse by others, so they need special protection and relief from the law. The law of our country does not make clear the standard of compensation for personal injury of the victim of special constitution. As a result, in the judicial practice of our country, the judgment standard of the compensation for personal injury of the special physique victim is different. There are two kinds of judicial thinking in the court: the first is the judgment thought of the theory of legal interpretation. China's relevant laws and regulations, judicial interpretation and other normative documents did not specify that the special constitution constitutes a legal defense to reduce the liability of the infringer, so the infringer should compensate all the reasonable losses of the victims of the special constitution. The second way of thinking is the application of the theory of force of reason. Harm behavior and special constitution together lead to the occurrence of damage consequences, both are the cause of damage, should be based on the strength of the respective causes between the tortfeasor and the victim to share the loss. Whether it is from the angle of legal interpretation, or according to the theory of force of reason to determine the standard of damages of infringers is too rigid. On the one hand, it is possible for the infringer to bear full liability for compensation from the legal interpretation; on the other hand, whether the special constitution of the victim can be regarded as part of the damage is subject to the policy consideration of the judge. It is unfair to the victim to reduce the responsibility of the infringer mechanically according to the theory of causative force. Therefore, I think we should base on the principle of fair share of damage and guarantee freedom of behavior, synthetically consider the subjective fault form of infringer, the efficiency of damage prevention and the predictability of damage, and make value analysis and judgment. Finally, on the basis of value judgment, the standard of compensation for personal injury of special physique victim is constructed. If the infringer causes the personal injury to the victim with special physique, the victim should be compensated for all the loss in principle. The principle of complete compensation has the basis of legal practice in comparative law and the legitimacy of legal theory. The legal practice of Britain, the United States, Germany, Switzerland, Belgium and other countries fully embodies the principle of full compensation, while the compensation for damage, the prevention of damage also requires the infringer to bear full liability for compensation. The principle of full compensation demonstrates the right of the disabled to participate in society on an equal footing by law. At the same time, there are some limitations in the application of the principle of complete compensation. The fault of the victim, the special physical condition of the victim and the particularity of the medical tort should be fully considered, and the liability of the infringer should be reduced accordingly.
【学位授予单位】：中国政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D923

【参考文献】