论我国植物发明专利保护制度的完善--兼论专利制度与植物新品种保护制度的关系

发布时间：2018-05-27 08:46

本文选题：植物发明 + 植物新品种　；参考：兼论专利制度与植物新品种保护制度的关系

【摘要】：现行《专利法》规定植物品种不能授予专利,《专利审查指南》将"植物品种"解释为植物,认为植物为有生命的物体不能授予专利保护。这种规定导致实践中许多植物类主题的发明无法申请专利保护,也导致基因专利和育种方法专利保护范围界定方面的问题。首先介绍我国植物发明专利保护制度的基本情况及其存在的问题,对造成这些问题的原因以及制度完善需要解决的关键问题进行分析,并就植物发明专利保护制度的完善提出如下建议:《专利审查指南》明确只有"植物品种"不能获得专利保护;通过司法解释或者指导案例明确育种方法发明专利和基因专利的保护范围,《专利法》修订应考虑在生物技术发明专利中规定农民留种权利,并建立品种权和生物技术发明专利的强制交叉许可制度。
[Abstract]:The current Patent Law stipulates that plant varieties cannot be granted patents, and the Patent Review Guide interprets "plant varieties" as plants and considers plants as living objects that cannot be granted patent protection. This rule leads to the failure of many plant inventions in practice to apply for patent protection, and also to the problems in defining the scope of patent protection for gene patents and breeding methods. First of all, it introduces the basic situation and existing problems of the patent protection system of plant inventions in China, analyzes the causes of these problems and the key problems that need to be solved in the perfection of the system. The following suggestions are put forward to perfect the patent protection system of plant inventions: the Patent examination Guide makes it clear that only "plant varieties" cannot obtain patent protection; Through judicial interpretation or guidance of cases, the scope of protection of invention patents and gene patents for breeding methods should be clearly defined. The revision of the Patent Law should take into account the stipulation of farmers' right to retain seeds in the patent for biotechnology inventions. And establish the compulsory cross-licensing system of variety right and biotechnology invention patent.
【作者单位】：中国社会科学院法学研究所;
【基金】：国家社科基金青年基金项目《生物技术背景下我国植物新品种保护对策研究》(13CFX087)研究成果
【分类号】：D923.42

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