我国成年监护制度问题研究

发布时间：2018-05-31 02:24

本文选题：成年监护 + 人口老龄化　；参考：《河北师范大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：成年监护是监护制度的重要组成部分,通常认为其起源于罗马法。确立此制度是为了弥补无民事行为能力、限制民事行为能力的成年人的行为能力的不足,保护他们的民事权益不受侵犯,以及通过对他们民事行为效力的判定,来维护整个社会的稳定。成年监护制度在我国立法上只规定了对精神病人的特殊保护,这个适用范围是十分狭窄的。伴随着我国社会经济的发展,人口寿命的增加,人们对生活质量要求越来越高。包括我国在内的许多国家都先后进入了老龄化社会,老年人的特殊保护问题应引起我们的高度关注。同时,一些有身心障碍的成年人也因为生活上的不便需要法律给予特殊的保护,我国立法并没有将这些群体涵盖进来。另外,我国的监护方式单一、漠视监护人尚存意志、没有设置专门的监护监督机构或者监护监督人等缺陷都不适合这个权利本位的社会。仅依靠传统的监护制度解决由此带来的社会问题,无法全面、有效的保障老年人和残障成年人的合法权益,既与先进理念、历史传统、国外先进法律严重脱节,也无法满足现实生活的需求。因此,我国对成年监护制度的改革刻不容缓,以便最大限度的维护老年人和身心障碍者的基本人权,关心他们的生存状况,并获得社会的和谐稳定。成年监护制度兼具公法、私法的双重属性。在20世纪后期,西方国家受到人口老龄化的威胁,率先对本国的成年监护制度进行了适合各自国情的改革。比如,日本以任意监护为核心,将法定监护分为监护、保佐、辅助三个等级;德国强化了对人身的照管义务;英美创设了持续性代理权授予制度等等。这些国家期望通过这样的改革以达到在一定程度上缓解人口老龄化带来的负面影响。由于历史原因,我国并没有对成年监护制度进行适时的改革,这严重阻碍了我国的经济发展、社会稳定和法治进步。本文以我国成年监护制度问题研究为题,介绍了我国成年监护制度的现状和改革的现实所需,并通过借鉴国外优秀的改革经验,进而提出适合我国国情的合理化建议。论文的具体内容包括引言、正文和结论。引言主要介绍了本文的研究意义、国内外研究现状、研究思路及方法和本文的重点、难点、创新点。正文部分包括了三个部分,第一部分主要围绕成年监护制度的基本概念展开,介绍了成年监护制度的性质和特征;第二部分对我国成年监护制度的历史概况、现状以及完善我国成年监护制度的必要做了论述;第三部分则是通过对前两部分的总结提出完善我国成年监护制度的思考,首先提出成年监护制度应遵循的基本原则,其次是对比两大法系成年监护改革的启示,提出健全我国成年监护制度的立法建议。除此之外,还需要在实践应用方面对成年监护制度的改革提供有力的保障。结论是对本文的一个高度化概括。总之,在完善我国成年监护制度的过程中,既要看到我国的成年监护制度跟西方国家相比还存在一定的差距,还应看到目前我国成年监护的法律法规还不够健全,要完成这项工作进程十分艰巨。因此,必须积极借鉴其他国家的优秀改革经验,以保护弱势成年人的合法权益和维持被监护人生活正常化等先进理念为基础,根据我国的具体国情,选择一条充分尊重被监护人自我决定权的立法模式来对我国成年监护制度进行有效的改革。
[Abstract]:Adult guardianship is an important part of the guardianship system. It is generally believed that it originated in the law of Rome. It is established to make up for the incompetence of the adults without civil capacity, to restrict the capacity of civil behavior, to protect their civil rights and interests, and to safeguard the effectiveness of their civil actions. The social stability. The adult guardianship system only stipulates the special protection for the mental patients in our country. The scope of application is very narrow. With the development of our society and economy and the increase of the population life, people are getting higher and higher on the quality of life. Many countries in China have entered the aging society successively. At the same time, the special protection of the elderly should arouse our attention. At the same time, some adults with physical and mental disorders also need special protection because of the inconvenience of life. Our legislation does not cover these groups. In addition, our country's guardianship form one, ignore the guardians still will, not set special. The defects of the guardianship supervision institution or the guardianship and so on are not suitable for the society of the right standard. It is impossible to fully and effectively guarantee the legitimate rights and interests of the elderly and the disabled adults relying on the traditional guardianship system only to solve the social problems brought by them. It is not only disconnected with advanced ideas, history tradition and advanced foreign laws, but also can not be full. Therefore, the reform of the adult guardianship system is urgent in our country so as to maintain the basic human rights of the elderly and the body and mind, care for their living conditions and achieve the harmonious and stable society. The adult guardianship system has both public law and private law. In the late twentieth Century, the western countries were subjected to the western countries. The threat of the aging of the population has taken the lead in the reform of the adult guardianship system in its own country. For example, in Japan, with arbitrary guardianship as the core, the legal guardianship is divided into guardianship, preservation, and auxiliary three levels; Germany strengthens the duty of caring for the person; the Anglo American set up a continuous agency granting system and so on. This reform is expected to alleviate the negative impact of the aging of the population to a certain extent. Due to historical reasons, China has not made a timely reform of the adult guardianship system, which has seriously hindered the economic development, social stability and the progress of the rule of law in China. This paper is a topic of the study of the adult guardianship system in China. The present situation of the adult guardianship system in our country and the reality of the reform are needed, and the rationalization proposal suitable for the national conditions of our country is put forward by using the foreign excellent reform experience for reference. The specific contents of the thesis include the introduction, the text and the conclusion. The introduction mainly introduces the significance of the research, the present situation at home and abroad, the research ideas and methods and the paper. The main body includes three parts. The first part mainly focuses on the basic concepts of adult guardianship system, introduces the nature and characteristics of adult guardianship system; the second part discusses the history of the adult guardianship system in China, the status quo and the necessity of completing the adult guardianship system in China; third parts. Through the summary of the first two parts, the chapter puts forward the thinking of perfecting the adult guardianship system in our country. First, it puts forward the basic principles that the adult guardianship system should follow. Secondly, it compares the Enlightenment of the adult guardianship reform of the two legal systems, and puts forward the legislative proposals to improve the adult guardianship system in our country. The reform of the guardianship system provides a strong guarantee. The conclusion is a high summary of this article. In a word, in the process of perfecting the adult guardianship system in our country, we should not only see the gap between the adult guardianship system of our country and the western countries, but also see that the laws and regulations of adult guardianship in our country are still not sound enough, and it should be finished. Therefore, it is necessary to learn from the excellent reform experience of other countries, to protect the legitimate rights and interests of the vulnerable adults and to maintain the advanced concept of the normalization of the lives of the guardians. According to the specific national conditions of our country, we must choose a legislative model to fully respect the self determination of the guardians. The adult guardianship system has been effectively reformed.
【学位授予单位】：河北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D923

【参考文献】