完善我国消费者反悔权的立法思考

发布时间：2018-05-31 04:17

本文选题：消费者 + 反悔权　；参考：《海南大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：在市场交易中过程中,消费者由于缺乏相关专业知识与信息加之能力有限等因素,消费者的合法权益难以得到完全的实现,此时,消费者的反悔权这一新型权利应运而生。作为一种倾斜保护消费者权益的制度,反悔权制度是以赋予消费者在购买商品或者服务的一段法定期间内,无须任何理由便可取消购买同时也无须承担任何责任的权利。反悔权制度符合社会主义法治理念的公平正义原则和经济活动中的效率原则,也是法治国家对市场经济运行的干预和调控的一种手段。反悔权制度是保护消费者权益发展的趋势,是市场经济发展的必然选择。 2013年新修改的《消费者权益保护法》中增加了反悔权的规定。虽然新法中增加了反悔权的规定,但是其规定过于笼统和简单,可操作性较弱,不能够满足我国消费者权益保护的实际需求。文章通过对反悔权的研究,联系当前的中国国情,并且吸取世界发达国家及地区立法精华,通过梳理我国反悔权的立法进程、分析我国消费者反悔权的不足,并就反悔权的具体制度设计提出完善建议。文章除了引言和结语部分外,共分为四大部分：第一部分,目前我国的反悔权立法现状。这个部分包括三个方面,一是地方立法,主要有地方性法规和规章；二是司法解释中关于反悔权的规定；最后是国家层面立法,主要包括法律,行政法规及部门规章。从三个方面来梳理反悔权的立法历程,在梳理过程中可以看出反悔权制度在我国法律层面的发展才刚刚起步,立法中仍存在较多的不完善之处。第二部分,分析当前我国反悔权的立法不足。我国反悔权制度的不足是多方面的,主要有适用范围的窄、行使方式不完善、缺乏经营者告知义务、双方承担法律责任以及未平衡消费者与经营者利益等方面,文章在这一部分将对这些不足作出逐一的分析。第三部分,域外的反悔权立法规定及借鉴。文章主要考察了英、美、德、日等发达国家的反悔权制度以及我国台湾地区的反悔权相关规定,并且在此基础上得到启示,在立法层级、适用范围、反悔权适用期限以及经营者告知义务等方面予以借鉴。第四部分,我国反悔权的的完善对策。此部分为文章的重点部分,主要针对第二部分的不足重点阐述的。通过借鉴各国的立法规定,再联系中国实际国情,从拓宽消费者反悔权制度的适用范围、完善其行使要件、强化经营者告知义务、明确双方法律责任以及维护双方利益平衡等方面对我国消费者反悔权提出完善建议。
[Abstract]:In the process of market transaction, due to the lack of relevant professional knowledge and information and limited ability, the legitimate rights and interests of consumers are difficult to be fully realized. At this time, the new right of consumers' reneging right arises at the historic moment. As a system in favor of protecting the rights and interests of consumers, the system of retrogression gives consumers the right to cancel the purchase of goods or services without any reason during the legal period of purchase of goods or services. The system of reneging right accords with the principle of fairness and justice of the socialist concept of rule of law and the principle of efficiency in economic activities. It is also a means of intervention and regulation in the operation of market economy by a country ruled by law. The system of retrogression is the trend of protecting consumers' rights and interests and the inevitable choice of the development of market economy. In 2013, the newly amended Consumer Rights and interests Protection Act added the right of retrogression. Although the new law has added the provisions of the right of retrogression, its provisions are too general and simple, and can not meet the actual needs of the protection of the rights and interests of consumers in our country. Through the research on the right of retrogression, connecting with the current situation of China, and absorbing the essence of the legislation of developed countries and regions in the world, the article analyzes the deficiency of the right of retrogression in our country by combing the legislative process of the right of retrogression in our country. And puts forward the perfect suggestion to the concrete system design of the right of retrogression. In addition to the introduction and conclusion, the article is divided into four parts: The first part, the current situation of the legislation of the right of retrogression in our country. This part includes three aspects: first, local legislation, mainly local laws and regulations; second, the provisions of judicial interpretation on the right of abrogation; finally, legislation at the national level, mainly including laws, administrative regulations and departmental regulations. From three aspects to sort out the legislative process of the right of retrogression, we can see that the development of the system of the right of estoppel in the legal level of our country has just started, and there are still many imperfections in the legislation. The second part, analyzes the current legislation insufficiency of the right of estoppel in our country. There are many shortcomings in the system of the right of estoppel in our country, such as the narrow scope of application, the imperfect way of exercising, the lack of the obligation of informing the operators, the legal liability of both sides and the imbalance between the interests of consumers and operators, and so on. In this part, the article will make an analysis of these deficiencies one by one. The third part, the extraterritorial legislative provisions and reference of the right to estoppel. The article mainly examines the system of the right of estoppel in the developed countries such as Britain, the United States, Germany and Japan, and the relevant provisions of the right of estoppel in Taiwan area of our country, and on the basis of this, it is revealed that the system is applicable to the legislative level and the scope of application. The term of application of the right of estoppel and the operator's obligation to inform should be used for reference. The fourth part, the perfect countermeasure of our country abrogation right. This part is the key part of the article, mainly focused on the second part. By drawing lessons from the legislative provisions of various countries and connecting with the actual conditions of China, this paper tries to widen the scope of application of the system of consumers' right to reverse regret, improve its requirements for exercising, and strengthen the obligation of informing operators. Make clear the legal responsibility of both sides and maintain the balance of interests of both sides, and put forward some perfect suggestions on the right of Chinese consumers to reverse their repentance.
【学位授予单位】：海南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D923.8

【参考文献】