环境侵权中因果关系推定问题研究

发布时间：2018-05-31 11:29

本文选题：环境侵权 + 因果关系推定　；参考：《山东财经大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：在环境污染愈加严峻的形势下,公民的身心健康遭受到了严重的打击。公民人身权的保障与救济成为重要话题。就司法救济途径而言,提起诉讼成为维权的最终保障。然而在环境民事侵权诉讼案件中,因果关系的认定成为难以攻克的瓶颈。环境侵权及其因果关系存在着不同于一般侵权的特殊性,如双方当事人地位的不平等性、侵权行为的间接性与复杂性、侵权行为后果发生的滞后性等,都大大增加了环境侵权因果关系认定的难度系数。为维护受害者的权利,降低其证明难度,因果关系推定理论的运用成为新的研究趋势,出现了盖然性因果关系理论、疫学因果关系理论、间接反证说等对事实因果关系的认定方法。然而在我国司法实践中,法官对环境民事侵权案件有其自有的技巧,但大多采用了举证责任倒置的方法,这对每个案件来说有利又有弊。结合这种现状,将国外相关学说灵活融入我国司法实践中,从微观的一般步骤到宏观的指导原则,为法官审判环境侵权案件建立一套符合心证的因果关系认定体系,无论是对受害者的权益还是工业企业的正当行为自由的维持,都是一个良好的保障。第一章是文章的绪论,介绍了本文的选题背景和意义、结构安排以及论证方法和创新点。第二章从环境民事侵权与一般民事侵权的因果关系展开,论述环境侵权及其因果关系的特殊性与一般民事侵权因果关系认定方法的局限性,并明确我国在环境侵权因果关系的相关制度。第三章引出因果关系推定理论,对其原理及内涵进行详细介绍,其中重点厘清了因果关系推定与现行法中举证责任倒置规则之间的区别。第四章主要介绍了国外的因果关系推定相关学说,在每个学说中结合具体案例作为说明。第五章是现状与展望,根据所搜集的案例归纳我国因果关系的认定,并针对问题提出构想,对因果关系推定进行恰当的适用。
[Abstract]:In the increasingly serious environmental pollution situation, citizens' physical and mental health suffered a serious blow. The protection and relief of citizens' personal rights have become an important topic. As far as the way of judicial remedy is concerned, litigation becomes the ultimate guarantee of safeguarding the rights. However, in environmental tort litigation cases, the identification of causality becomes difficult to overcome the bottleneck. Environmental tort and its causality are different from common tort, such as the inequality of the status of both parties, the indirectness and complexity of the tort, the lag of the consequences of the tort, etc. It greatly increases the difficulty coefficient of environmental tort causality. In order to protect the rights of victims and reduce the difficulty of proof, the application of the theory of presumption of causality has become a new research trend. Indirect countervailing theory and so on to the fact causality confirmation method. However, in the judicial practice of our country, judges have their own skills in environmental civil tort cases, but most of them adopt the method of inversion of the burden of proof, which is beneficial and harmful to each case. Combined with this situation, foreign related theories are flexibly integrated into the judicial practice of our country, from the micro general steps to the macroscopic guiding principles, to establish a set of causality identification system in accordance with the psychological evidence for the judges to try environmental tort cases. Both the rights and interests of victims and the maintenance of industrial enterprises' legitimate freedom of conduct are a good guarantee. The first chapter is the introduction of the article, which introduces the background and significance of the topic, the structure arrangement, the argumentation method and the innovation. The second chapter discusses the particularity of environmental tort and its causality and the limitation of common civil tort causality from the perspective of causality between environmental tort and general civil tort. And clear our country in the environmental tort causality related system. The third chapter introduces the theory of presumption of causality, introduces its principle and connotation in detail, and clarifies the difference between the presumption of causality and the rule of inversion of burden of proof in current law. The fourth chapter mainly introduces the relevant theories of causality presumption in foreign countries. The fifth chapter is the current situation and prospects, according to the collected cases to conclude the causal relationship in China, and put forward a concept to solve the problem, the presumption of causality appropriate application.
【学位授予单位】：山东财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D923

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