物权法上返还请求权制度研究

发布时间：2018-06-21 23:30

本文选题：原物返还请求权 + 占有返还请求权　；参考：《天津师范大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：返还请求权制度以罗马法时期的对物诉讼制度为其公认之萌芽,启蒙运动时期,罗马法重新发现,法国民法对其全面继受并进行了改良,该制度的最终确立,得益于《德国民法典》的探索和最终制定,德国理论与学术界对于请求权制度的研究颇为深入,取得的丰硕成果在《德国民法典》中得以全面阐释,大陆法系国家的民法理论大多深受该部法典的影响。返还请求权的构成要件是将其理论体系化的重要基础,文章在对我国物权法中两种返还请求权进行系统化梳理,并借鉴德、日、台民法理论和立法例,在共性的判断规则基础之上,根据原物返还请求权和占有返还请求权的权利特性,分别对其进行了梳理,将构成要件总结为请求权、相对人和请求内容三个部分。以物权之权利人及占有人作为两种请求权的权利人,该物权人既包括所有权人亦包含具有占有权能之他物权人；以无权占有人和侵占人分别是两种返还请求权的相对入,该无权占有及侵占须具有现实性、延续性；最后,请求权的内容包含请求行为、原物返还、孳息返还及负担相应费用。在我国现行法上,物权救济模式存在着物权请求权规则和侵权责任规则及竞合规则。既在物权法中规定了返还原物请求权,也在侵权责任法中将其规定为侵权责任。基于这种双轨并行的体系中,司法实践中有的就会认定返还原物请求权为物上请求权,有时则认为其应当依据侵权责任予以适用。但基于两者的制度内容及功能特点,物权请求权因其构成要件具有的抽象性,对所有权、物权的保护更加全面,反之,作为侵权责任中的返还财产,对所有权人与实际占有人相分离的情形难以全面救济,造成法律效果上的失衡。当物权遭受第三人侵害、妨碍及遇有妨碍之风险时,抑或物权法与侵权责任法发生竞合之时,物权法之物上请求权规则应优先于侵权责任规则予以适用。因此,应当仅保留物权法上的返还原物请求权,取消侵权责任法上返还财产请求权。本文分为导言、正文、结语三部分,对正文部分分为五章进行阐述。
[Abstract]:The system of restitution claim takes the litigation system in rem of Roman law as its recognized bud. During the Enlightenment period, Roman law rediscovered that the French civil law had completely accepted and improved it, and the system was finally established. Thanks to the exploration and final formulation of the German Civil Code, the theoretical and academic research on the right of claim system in Germany is rather thorough, and the fruitful results achieved in the German Civil Code have been fully explained. Most civil law theories in civil law countries are deeply influenced by this code. The constitutive elements of the right to return claim are the important basis for systematizing its theory. This paper systematizes the two kinds of claim rights of restitution in real right law of our country, and draws lessons from the theories and legislative examples of the civil law of Germany, Japan and Taiwan. On the basis of common judgment rules, according to the right characteristics of restitution of original things and the right of restitution of possession, the author combs them separately and sums up the constitutive elements as three parts: the right of claim, the relative person and the content of request. The obligee and the possessor of real right are the right holders of two kinds of claims, which include both the owner and the other real right with the power of possession, so that the unauthorized possessor and the occupier are the opposite of the two kinds of right to return the claim, Finally, the contents of the right of claim include the request act, the return of the original property, the return of fruits and the corresponding expenses. In the current law of our country, there are rules of right of claim in real right, rules of tort liability and rules of concurrence in the mode of real right relief. Not only the right of return of original property is stipulated in the law of real right, but also the right of tort liability is stipulated in the law of tort liability. Based on this two-track parallel system, some people in judicial practice will regard the right of restitution of original things as the right of claim in substance, and sometimes think that it should be applied on the basis of tort liability. However, based on the system content and functional characteristics of both, the right of claim of real right is more comprehensive to the protection of ownership and real right because of the abstract nature of its constituent elements. On the contrary, it is the return of property in tort liability. It is difficult to remedy the separation of the owner from the real possessor, which results in the imbalance of the legal effect. When the real right is infringed by the third party, obstructs and has the risk of obstruction, or when the property law and the tort liability law are competing, the rule of claim on the property law should be applied in preference to the tort liability rule. Therefore, the right to return original property should be reserved only in the law of real rights, and the right of claim for return of property in the law of tort liability should be cancelled. This paper is divided into three parts: introduction, text and conclusion. The text is divided into five chapters.
【学位授予单位】：天津师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D913

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