侵权行为法上的安全保障义务研究

发布时间：2018-07-12 16:34

本文选题：安全保障义务 + 归责原则　；参考：《兰州大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：安全保障义务是指行为人在日常生活中所应具有的客观谨慎义务,并应当采取合理措施避免危险发生的义务。现代各国侵权法都认可安全保障义务这一概念,只是在两大法系的称谓不同而已。安全保障义务是一种补充责任,是侵权法上三大过错补充责任之一,这一原则在侵权行为法上的确定在很大程度上保护了消费者的合法权益,从另一层面上也平衡了经营者或者公共场合管理者的义务,更好地权衡了消费者与经营者之间的关系。安全保障义务是两大法系在侵权法上的重要概念,是判断是否构成侵权的关键性因素之一,这一概念的提出对我国的侵权法中的过失侵权判断具有重要的意义,安全保障义务的提出将预示着中国侵权法未来的发展方向,从而更好地权衡自由与安全这两大价值之间的关系以及平衡第三人、受害人和经营者或公共场合的管理者三者之间的联系。本文采取了历史分析法、比较分析法等研究方法阐述侵权行为法上的安全保障义务的理论知识,分析两大法系国家有关安全保障义务的相关规定,并对我国侵权法上的安全保障义务的立法、司法实践现状中所存在的问题进行分析研究,最后,针对我国侵权法上的安全保障义务所存在的问题提出自己的观点和建议,进而为我国法律的完善和进步尽一点绵薄之力。全文除了导论和结语之外,正文共分为五个部分。第一部分主要阐述了安全保障义务的不同概念,进而对安全保障义务的概念进行了评价解析,最后总结出自己的观点。第二部分主要运用比较研究的方法介绍了两大法系关于安全保障义务的立法演变与发展以及国外立法或司法实践中规定的安全保障义务对中国侵权法上安全保障义务的影响。第三部分主要是通过比较分析各国理论对安全保障义务的性质以及我国对其性质的相关论述,明确了安全保障义务性质是以法定义务为主兼顾合同义务。第四部分主要是阐述了安全保障义务的适用,主要对安全保障义务主体和权利主体进行了解析,探讨了构成要件的结构层次、归责原则、责任承担的类型以及笔者所总结出的观点结论。第五部分是文章的主旨所在,主要是通过文章以上章节的介绍,从而阐述安全保障义务的不足之处以及笔者对不足之处所提出自己对安全保障义务立法的完善性建议。
[Abstract]:The duty of safety and security refers to the objective duty of caution that the perpetrator should have in his daily life and the obligation to take reasonable measures to avoid the occurrence of danger. The concept of security obligation is recognized in the tort law of modern countries, but it is only different in the two legal systems. The duty of safety and security is a kind of supplementary liability, which is one of the three fault supplementary liabilities in tort law. The determination of this principle in tort law protects the legitimate rights and interests of consumers to a great extent. On the other hand, it balances the obligations of managers or public managers, and balances the relationship between consumers and managers. The duty of security is an important concept in tort law of two legal systems and one of the key factors to judge whether it constitutes tort. This concept is of great significance to the judgment of negligent tort in tort law of our country. The introduction of security obligation will indicate the future development direction of China's tort law, and balance the relationship between the two values of freedom and security and balance the third party. The link between the victim and the operator or public manager. In this paper, historical analysis, comparative analysis and other research methods are adopted to explain the theoretical knowledge of the security obligation in tort law, and the relevant provisions of the two legal system countries on the security obligation are analyzed. And analyze the problems existing in the legislation and judicial practice of the security obligation in the tort law of our country. Finally, the author puts forward his own views and suggestions in view of the problems existing in the safety and security obligation in the tort law of our country. And then for the perfection and progress of the law of our country to do a little bit of power. In addition to the introduction and conclusion, the text is divided into five parts. The first part mainly expounds the different concepts of security obligation, and then evaluates and analyzes the concept of security obligation, and finally summarizes its own views. The second part mainly introduces the legislative evolution and development of the security obligation in the two legal systems and the influence of the security obligation in the foreign legislation or judicial practice on the safety and security obligation in the tort law of China by the method of comparative study. The third part is mainly through the comparative analysis of the nature of security obligations of various countries and the nature of our country, it is clear that the nature of security obligations is legal obligations to give consideration to contractual obligations. The fourth part mainly expounds the application of the security obligation, mainly analyzes the main body of the security obligation and the subject of the right, and probes into the structural level of the constitutive elements and the principle of imputation. The type of responsibility and the conclusions summarized by the author. The fifth part is the main purpose of the article, mainly through the introduction of the above chapter, so as to explain the shortcomings of the safety and security obligations and the author put forward his own legislation on safety and security obligations to improve the recommendations.
【学位授予单位】：兰州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D923

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