论胎儿健康利益之民法保护

发布时间：2018-07-13 07:42

【摘要】：在现代社会中,胎儿健康利益受到侵害的案件与日俱增,表现在胎儿在母体期间受到侵害使其在出生后造成身体疾病或者残疾,而这不仅造成了胎儿身体上难以弥补的伤害,也造成了整个家庭的不幸,更严重的情况下,可能演变成社会的许多问题。然而,随着现代医学技术的发展、新生物技术的进步以及社会政策的变化,使得胎儿健康利益的保护问题变得更加复杂,特别是在传统民法的背景环境下,由于公民的民事权利能力始于出生终于死亡,胎儿就不能作为民事主体,享有民事权利能力,这更使得胎儿的健康利益受到侵害时得到法律的保护增加了难度。本文首先通过论述胎儿应获得民事权利能力的理论分析来支持胎儿是民事主体这一大前提,并在这一大前提下,进一步论述胎儿健康利益受侵害时的救济途径,即主张损害赔偿请求权,最终使得胎儿健康利益得到周全、有效的保护,维护胎儿的利益,做到民法对人的终极关怀。最后,结合我国的现状、国情提出立法建议,以完善我国的民事立法,通过法律法规的健全保护胎儿健康利益不受损害。
[Abstract]:In modern society, there are more and more cases in which the health interests of the fetus are infringed upon, which is manifested in the fact that the fetus is infringed during the period of the mother so that it causes physical illness or disability after birth, which not only causes irreparable bodily harm to the fetus, It also creates the misfortune of the whole family, and in more serious cases, may evolve into many of the problems of society. However, with the development of modern medical technology, the progress of new biotechnology and the change of social policy, the protection of fetal health interests becomes more complicated, especially in the context of traditional civil law. Because the citizen's civil right ability starts from birth and finally dies, the fetus can not be the civil subject and enjoy the civil right capacity, which makes it more difficult to protect the fetus's health interests by the law when it is infringed. In this paper, first of all, through the theoretical analysis of foetus' ability to acquire civil rights, to support the premise that fetus is the civil subject, and under this premise, further discuss the remedy ways when fetal health interests are infringed. That is, claims the right to compensation for damages, ultimately makes the fetal health interests to be comprehensive, effective protection, to protect the interests of the fetus, so as to achieve the ultimate concern for human beings in civil law. Finally, according to the present situation of our country, the author puts forward some legislative suggestions to perfect the civil legislation of our country, and to protect the interests of fetal health from harm through the sound of laws and regulations.
【学位授予单位】：黑龙江大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D923

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