行业协会建设若干法律问题研究

发布时间：2018-07-14 14:34

【摘要】：随着我国各行业的迅速发展，，市场经济结构也在逐渐的调整，我国政府应该倾向于服务市场的发展方向，这些在添加不同行业的组织过程中提供了优厚的条件。在当前的社会经济体制环境下，行业组织的影响力越来越大。当前的国际经济市场发展是瞬息万变的，我国经济结构的发展也很迅速，这都离不开行业组织的纽带连结作用。行业组织具有类似中介的特征，在保障公众利益的同时，能够保证服务行业内部的组成成员，并作出相关的行业管理，这种行为符合了社会的发展规律，人民民主的特点也得到了体现。然而，行业协会不容乐观的发展现状也值得我们关注，徒有其表的行业协会占绝大部分，此类行业协会对内无法进行有效的业内管理，对外提供公共服务方面也没有发挥应有功能；“二政府”是另一部分行业协会在社会功能中扮演的角色，此类行业协会忽视了本职能，沦为了政府的传话筒和维护者。这样的错乱定位导致了行业组织的特征不明确。但是，有些作用是不可否定的，比如在抵抗外国的倾销工作中，行业组织能够帮助内部成员进行诉讼并获得相应成果。但总体上来说，行业健康发展，企业健康发展，都需要行业协会强烈的服务意愿以及实际提供的服务，这都是现阶段行业协会所欠缺的。笔者将研究的内容分成五个部分来讨论。文章第一部分主要介绍了不同学者对行业协会概念的不同理解，在借鉴学者观点的基础上，行业协会的概念应当作如下表述:为了实现不同行业的综合利益，建设行业组织，并具有一定的成员，是社团法人的组织，该组织的特点是公益性质、民间性质以及自我监督性质。首先介绍了国内外关于行业组织的历史状况，然后表明当下行业组织在外国的发展情况以及国内的发展情况。最后就将行业组织间的差异性表述出来。第二部分主要从内部和外部两方面，介绍说明行业组织的作用体现。所谓内部功能主要体现在行业自治上，内部自治体现在行业协会的行业规章制定、行业协会的行业监管、行业协会的惩戒、行业协会争端解决与行业仲裁；外部的作用主要是行业组织能够代表的公共利益，行业组织在行政机构进行决策时的参与性质，行业组织在抵制倾销过程中的作用。第三部分主要讲解了外国的行业组织的立法比较。在此章节论述了三个典型的模式，它们分别是：自由性质的行业组织，换一种说法就是英美类型；大陆性质的行业组织，换一种说法就是德法型；还有日本型的行业组织。接下来，就是我国在行业组织建立时如何借鉴外国行业组织的立法经验。第四部分主要讲解我国行业组织发展过程中出现的矛盾和立法情况。关于我国行业协会的立法现状，我们可以从宪法、其他国家法规以及地方性法规中看到相关规定，不难看出，我国行业协会不仅在立法方面存在不少问题，同时在实践中也存在很多问题。第五部分是解决上一部分谈到的行业组织发展过程中出现的问题，并完善立法行为。首先，确定行业组织在法律方面的地位；其次，强化立法行为，对行业组织的行为提供建设性的立法意见；在行业协会功能的拓展方面，外部环境是转化政府职能来激发社会组织活力，内部是参与社会服务与公共产品的供给，拓展协会功能；在建设行业组织的问题上，需要解决的关键性问题是如何调整行业组织的内部结构以及完善行业组织的布局。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of China's various industries and the gradual adjustment of the market economic structure, our government should be inclined to the direction of the development of the service market, which provide a good condition in the process of adding different industries. Under the current social and economic system environment, the influence of the trade organization is becoming more and more powerful. The development of the economic market is changing rapidly. The development of our country's economic structure is also very rapid, which can not be separated from the link of the industry organization. The industry organization has the characteristics of similar intermediary. It can guarantee the public interest and guarantee the internal members of the service industry, and make the related industry management. This kind of behavior conforms to the society. The law of development and the characteristics of people's democracy are also reflected. However, it is worth our attention that the industry association is not optimistic about the current situation. Most of the industry associations with its own list are not able to carry out effective management in the industry and provide public services to the outside world. "The two government" "It is another part of the industry association's role in social function, which ignores this function and becomes the receiver and maintainer of the government. The disorderly orientation of the industry has led to the uncertainty of the characteristics of the industry organization. However, some effects are undeniable, for example, in the resistance to foreign dumping, industry organizations can In general, the healthy development of the industry and the healthy development of the enterprise all need the strong will of service and the service provided by the industry association, which are all lack of the industry association at the present stage.
The first part of this paper is divided into five parts. The first part of the article mainly introduces the different understanding of the concept of industry association by different scholars. On the basis of the view of scholars, the concept of industry association should be expressed as follows: in order to realize the comprehensive benefits of different industries, build industry organizations, and have certain members, The organization of a corporate entity is characterized by the nature of public welfare, the nature of the folk and the nature of self supervision. First, it introduces the historical status of the industry organization at home and abroad, and then shows the development of the current industry organization in foreign countries and the development in China. Finally, the differences between the industry organizations are expressed.
The second part, mainly from the internal and external two aspects, introduces the role of the industry organization. The so-called internal functions are mainly embodied in the industry autonomy, the internal autonomy is embodied in the industry rules and regulations of the industry association, the industry association's industry supervision, the punishment of the industry association, the dispute settlement and the industry arbitration of the Trade Association; the external role. It is mainly the public interest that the industry organization can represent, the participation nature of the industry organization in the decision-making of the administrative organization, and the role of the industry organization in the process of boycotting the dumping.
The third part mainly explains the legislative comparison of the foreign trade organizations. In this chapter, three typical models are discussed. They are the free nature of the industry organization, and the other is the British and American type; the trade organization of the mainland nature, the other is the German and French; and the Japanese type industry organization. The next, is How can China learn from the legislative experience of foreign trade organizations when establishing industrial organizations?
The fourth part mainly explains the contradictions and legislation in the course of the development of the industry organization in our country. As to the legislative status of our industry association, we can see the relevant regulations from the constitution, other national regulations and local regulations. It is not difficult to see that the industry associations of our country have not only a lot of problems in legislation but also practice in practice. There are also a lot of problems.
The fifth part is to solve the problems arising from the development of the industry organization in the last part, and improve the legislative behavior. First, determine the status of the industry organization in the law; secondly, strengthen the legislative behavior, provide constructive legislative opinions on the behavior of the industry organization, and the external environment in the expansion of the function of the industry association. The function of the government to stimulate the vitality of the social organization, the internal is to participate in the supply of social services and public products, to expand the function of the association. On the issue of building the industry organization, the key problem that needs to be solved is how to adjust the internal structure of the industry organization and improve the layout of the industry organization.
【学位授予单位】：河北经贸大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D923;D922.182

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