网络消费合同中的保护性管辖与协议管辖
发布时间：2018-07-17 01:39
【摘要】：网络消费合同管辖权的确定是B2C电子商务中一个十分重要的问题,传统消费合同下消费者的弱势地位在网络消费合同中继续存在,且商家在互联网环境中又面临全球被诉的法律风险,中小企业利益受到较大的冲击。这些特性值得我们在重新衡量网络消费合同双方当事人地位情况下,对网络消费合同管辖权的确定做出新的思考。网络消费合同是指,自然人为满足个人或家庭的需要,通过互联网络平台,与具有经营资质的商品服务供应商之间进行交易,购买商品、服务或使用贷款的合同。本文共分四章:第一章通过对消费者合同和电子商务合同的含义进行界定,进而得出本文的研究对象——网络消费合同的含义,特别是厘清双方当事人的性质及网络消费合同的涉外性。紧接着,本文拟从现有的管辖规则出发,指明这些规则在互联网环境中虽面临挑战,但在确定网络消费合同管辖权时并非完全无用武之地,应当对传统的管辖规则进行适当修改,使之满足互联网虚拟性、全球性、管理的非中心化所提出的要求。除了对既有的管辖规则做出修改之外,还有些学者力图针对互联网提出独有的管辖权确定方法。笔者对新兴的互联网管辖权理论,以及“网址”这一具有网络特色的管辖基础在网络消费合同中的可行性做出分析。得出如下结论:从现有技术条件和各国立法现状来看,较为符合客观现实的是全球统一协调论,应该结合网络消费合同的特点,对既有的管辖规则作出修改,这一变动主要是从保护性管辖的视角和协议管辖的视角来进行的。第二章承接第一章结论,从保护性管辖视角下对网络消费合同管辖权规则进行研究。这里的保护性管辖并非仅指向对消费者利益的保护,也蕴含着对在互联网环境中商家利益保护的含义。因此,本章首先介绍传统消费合同中消费者住所地这一倾向性保护消费者权益的管辖标准;其次对网络消费合同中基于对商家利益保护的考量所提出的弹性管辖标准进行分析,作为对消费者住所地管辖标准的补充;最后,结合各国立法和司法实践,确定消费者住所地管辖标准的价值取向,以期对消费者住所地管辖标准进行完善。第三章同样从第一章结论出发,分析协议管辖在网络消费合同中的可行性,以及传统协议管辖在网络环境中面临的挑战。结合网络消费合同的特点,从管辖协议的有效性问题(形式有效性、实质有效性)、协议管辖行使的时间限制(包括事后协议管辖对消费者住所地管辖标准的排除和事前协议管辖的有效性)、以及管辖协议的排他性等问题对协议管辖的完善进行研究,特别是对网络消费格式合同中管辖权条款的效力进行分析。第四章以二、三章的结论为理论支撑,对我国网络消费合同管辖权确定的法律规定,特别是2015年《最高人民法院关于适用中华人民共和国民事诉讼法的解释》第二十条将收货地和买受人住所地认定为网络购物合同的履行地的规定进行详细分析,并对我国目前在网络消费合同管辖权确定中的司法实践进行进一步的研究。在此现实基础上,结合二、三章的结论,从保护性管辖和协议管辖两个角度对我国网络消费合同管辖权的确定提出合理化建议。
[Abstract]:The determination of the jurisdiction of the network consumption contract is a very important issue in the B2C e-commerce. The weak status of the consumers under the traditional consumer contract continues to exist in the network consumption contract, and the merchant faces the legal risk of the global prosecution in the Internet environment, and the benefits of the small and medium enterprises are greatly impacted. These characteristics are worthy of us. A new reflection on the determination of the jurisdiction of the network consumption contract is made in the case of the re measurement of the status of the two parties in the network consumption contract. The network consumption contract refers to the transaction, purchase of goods and services between the natural people and the needs of the individual or the family, through the Internet platform, and the commodity service providers with operational qualifications. This article is divided into four chapters. This article is divided into four chapters: the first chapter defines the meaning of the consumer contract and e-commerce contract, and then draws the meaning of the research object of this article, the meaning of the network consumption contract, especially to clarify the nature of the parties and the foreign nature of the network consumption contract. According to the rules, it is pointed out that these rules are facing challenges in the Internet environment, but they are not completely useless when determining the jurisdiction of the network consumption contract. The traditional rules of jurisdiction should be modified to meet the requirements of the Internet virtual, global, and management non centralization. In addition, some scholars try to put forward a unique method of determining the jurisdiction of the Internet. The author makes an analysis of the emerging Internet jurisdiction theory and the feasibility of the "web site", a network characteristic jurisdictional basis in the network consumption contract. In accordance with the objective reality, the global unity and coordination theory should be combined with the characteristics of the network consumption contract, and the existing jurisdiction rules should be modified. This change is mainly from the perspective of the protective jurisdiction and the perspective of the agreement jurisdiction. The second chapter takes the first chapter to conclude the network consumption from the perspective of the protective jurisdiction. The protective jurisdiction of the contract does not only point to the protection of the interests of the consumer, but also contains the meaning of protecting the interests of the merchants in the Internet environment. In the fee contract, the flexible jurisdiction standard based on the consideration of the protection of the merchant's interests is analyzed as a supplement to the standard of the jurisdiction of the consumer's domicile. Finally, the value orientation of the standard of jurisdiction of the consumer's domicile is determined in combination with the legislation and judicial practice of various countries, in order to improve the standard of the domicile domicile. The third chapter is the same. From the first chapter, the paper analyzes the feasibility of the protocol jurisdiction in the network consumption contract, and the challenges facing the traditional protocol jurisdiction in the network environment. Combining the characteristics of the network consumption contract, the validity of the jurisdiction protocol (formal validity, substantial validity), the time limit of the exercise of the protocol jurisdiction (including the ex post Agreement Management) Under the jurisdiction of the jurisdiction of the consumer domicile and the validity of the jurisdiction of the prior agreement, and the exclusiveness of the jurisdiction agreement, the improvement of the jurisdiction of the agreement is studied, especially the validity of the jurisdiction clause in the network consumption format contract. The fourth chapter is supported by the conclusion of the two and three chapters. The legal provisions on the determination of the jurisdiction of the fee contract, especially the provisions of the twentieth article of the Supreme People's Court on the application of the Civil Procedure Law of the People's Republic of China in 2015, to make a detailed analysis of the stipulation of the place of receipt of the receiving place and the domicile of the buyer as the site of the network shopping contract, and to determine the jurisdiction of our country at present in the network consumption contract. On the basis of this reality, combining the conclusions of the two and the three chapters, we put forward the rationalization proposals for the determination of the jurisdiction of the network consumption contract in China from the two angles of the protective jurisdiction and the agreement jurisdiction.
【学位授予单位】：中国政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D923.6
本文编号：2128458
[Abstract]:The determination of the jurisdiction of the network consumption contract is a very important issue in the B2C e-commerce. The weak status of the consumers under the traditional consumer contract continues to exist in the network consumption contract, and the merchant faces the legal risk of the global prosecution in the Internet environment, and the benefits of the small and medium enterprises are greatly impacted. These characteristics are worthy of us. A new reflection on the determination of the jurisdiction of the network consumption contract is made in the case of the re measurement of the status of the two parties in the network consumption contract. The network consumption contract refers to the transaction, purchase of goods and services between the natural people and the needs of the individual or the family, through the Internet platform, and the commodity service providers with operational qualifications. This article is divided into four chapters. This article is divided into four chapters: the first chapter defines the meaning of the consumer contract and e-commerce contract, and then draws the meaning of the research object of this article, the meaning of the network consumption contract, especially to clarify the nature of the parties and the foreign nature of the network consumption contract. According to the rules, it is pointed out that these rules are facing challenges in the Internet environment, but they are not completely useless when determining the jurisdiction of the network consumption contract. The traditional rules of jurisdiction should be modified to meet the requirements of the Internet virtual, global, and management non centralization. In addition, some scholars try to put forward a unique method of determining the jurisdiction of the Internet. The author makes an analysis of the emerging Internet jurisdiction theory and the feasibility of the "web site", a network characteristic jurisdictional basis in the network consumption contract. In accordance with the objective reality, the global unity and coordination theory should be combined with the characteristics of the network consumption contract, and the existing jurisdiction rules should be modified. This change is mainly from the perspective of the protective jurisdiction and the perspective of the agreement jurisdiction. The second chapter takes the first chapter to conclude the network consumption from the perspective of the protective jurisdiction. The protective jurisdiction of the contract does not only point to the protection of the interests of the consumer, but also contains the meaning of protecting the interests of the merchants in the Internet environment. In the fee contract, the flexible jurisdiction standard based on the consideration of the protection of the merchant's interests is analyzed as a supplement to the standard of the jurisdiction of the consumer's domicile. Finally, the value orientation of the standard of jurisdiction of the consumer's domicile is determined in combination with the legislation and judicial practice of various countries, in order to improve the standard of the domicile domicile. The third chapter is the same. From the first chapter, the paper analyzes the feasibility of the protocol jurisdiction in the network consumption contract, and the challenges facing the traditional protocol jurisdiction in the network environment. Combining the characteristics of the network consumption contract, the validity of the jurisdiction protocol (formal validity, substantial validity), the time limit of the exercise of the protocol jurisdiction (including the ex post Agreement Management) Under the jurisdiction of the jurisdiction of the consumer domicile and the validity of the jurisdiction of the prior agreement, and the exclusiveness of the jurisdiction agreement, the improvement of the jurisdiction of the agreement is studied, especially the validity of the jurisdiction clause in the network consumption format contract. The fourth chapter is supported by the conclusion of the two and three chapters. The legal provisions on the determination of the jurisdiction of the fee contract, especially the provisions of the twentieth article of the Supreme People's Court on the application of the Civil Procedure Law of the People's Republic of China in 2015, to make a detailed analysis of the stipulation of the place of receipt of the receiving place and the domicile of the buyer as the site of the network shopping contract, and to determine the jurisdiction of our country at present in the network consumption contract. On the basis of this reality, combining the conclusions of the two and the three chapters, we put forward the rationalization proposals for the determination of the jurisdiction of the network consumption contract in China from the two angles of the protective jurisdiction and the agreement jurisdiction.
【学位授予单位】：中国政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D923.6
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