借名购车的法律风险及防范

发布时间：2018-07-23 07:59

【摘要】：为缓解城市交通压力、降低环境被污染风险,作为控制机动车保有量的措施之一,我国地方政府纷纷出台机动车限购政策,从而导致了借名购车行为的兴起。借名购车行为的性质如何?学者们仁智各见,司法实务中的定性也多有不同。本文以此为立足点,从实践出发,探讨借名购车行为存在着哪些法律风险、各地法院的司法态度以及这些判决是否合理、进而对借名购车行为如何规制进行讨论,以期引玉。除引言和结语外,本文分为四个部分:第一部分:问题的提出。本部分主要论述借名购车行为产生后在理论上和实践中均存在着很多的争议,法律规定也不完备,因此有必要对这一问题进行讨论。第二部分:借名购车之概述。本部分主要论述借名购车行为的定义、产生的背景、借名购车中登记名义人和实际购车人如何自行规制以及他们自身规制存在何种风险,各地法院针对借名购车行为是否有效产生了不同的司法态度,从而也导致了矛盾的判决。第三部分:借名购车之法律风险分析。本部分首先对借名购车合同案件中,法院认为无效的理由逐一进行了批驳,最终得出了借名购车合同应当被认定为有效。同时也表明了如果将合同认定为无效更加不利于及时化解双方之间产生的纠纷。其次对借名购车所有权归属作了以下分析:1.机动车所有权是否一定归属于机动车实际购车人,本文肯定了这种观点,机动车登记并不等同于所有权登记。2.机动车买受第三人能否基于登记名义人转移登记后主张善意取得,作者通过分析机动车善意取得是以公示公信为基础,机动车具有两种公示方式交付和登记,仅通过登记不能主张善意取得。但如果实际购车人将机动车交付给登记名义人,善意第三人又可以构成善意取得。3.机动车登记名义人的债权人能否就该机动车主张债权,作者通过两个司法案例分析由于债权人发生债权债务不是基于对该机动车的信赖,得出债权人不能发生善意取得。4.登记名义人的抵押权人能否基于对机动车登记公示方式的信赖,在完成抵押登记后取得抵押权,文章分析了抵押权善意取得的构成要件,得出可以通过善意取得的方式取得抵押权。最后,本文就交通事故发生后登记名义人是否要承担责任。笔者通过梳理两个案例的方式,表明当前法院存在的司法误区,借名购车并不是借用,而因类比适用买卖机动车未转移登记,因此登记名义人不应当承担责任。第四部分:借名购车之风险防范。本部分描述了由于借名购车行为存在着诸多法律风险,文章针对这些风险给出了一些在借名购车中应当注意的事项,以及如何尽量减少纠纷的发生。
[Abstract]:In order to alleviate the pressure of urban traffic and reduce the risk of environmental pollution, as one of the measures to control the number of motor vehicles, local governments of our country have introduced the policy of limiting the purchase of motor vehicles, which has led to the rise of the behavior of buying cars by borrowing names. What is the nature of the purchase of a car with a borrowed name? Scholars see each other, and the nature of judicial practice is also different. Taking this as a foothold and proceeding from practice, this paper probes into what legal risks exist in the act of buying cars by name, the judicial attitude of local courts and whether these judgments are reasonable or not, and then discusses how to regulate the behavior of buying cars by borrowing names in order to attract jade. In addition to the introduction and conclusion, this paper is divided into four parts: the first part: the question. This part mainly discusses that there are a lot of disputes in theory and practice, and the legal provisions are not complete, so it is necessary to discuss this problem. The second part: an overview of car purchase by name. This part mainly discusses the definition, background, how to regulate the registered and actual car buyers and the risk of their own regulation. Different courts have different judicial attitudes on the validity of car purchase by name, which also leads to contradictory judgments. The third part: the legal risk analysis of car purchase by name. In this part, the reasons that the court considers invalid are refuted one by one in the case of car borrowing contract, and finally it is concluded that the car borrowing contract should be considered as valid. It also shows that if the contract is deemed invalid, it is more difficult to resolve the disputes between the two parties in time. Secondly, the ownership of the car purchase by borrowing name is analyzed as follows: 1. Whether the ownership of motor vehicle belongs to the actual vehicle buyer, this paper affirms this view, motor vehicle registration is not equal to ownership registration. The author analyzes that the bona fide acquisition of motor vehicle is based on the public information, and the motor vehicle has two modes of delivery and registration. Good faith cannot be claimed by registration alone. However, if the actual car buyer delivers the vehicle to the registered person, the bona fide third party may constitute a bona fide acquisition. Whether the creditor of the registered vehicle can claim the creditor's rights on the motor vehicle, the author analyzes through two judicial cases that the creditor's debt is not based on the trust of the vehicle, and that the creditor can't obtain .4in good faith. Whether the mortgagee of the registered nominal person can obtain the mortgage right after the completion of the mortgage registration based on the trust in the public mode of vehicle registration, this paper analyzes the constitutive elements of the bona fide acquisition of the mortgage right. It is concluded that mortgage can be obtained by means of bona fide acquisition. Finally, this article about whether the registered nominal person should bear the responsibility after the traffic accident. By combing the two cases, the author shows that there are judicial misunderstandings in the court at present. The name of the car purchase by borrowing is not borrowed, but because the analogy applies to the purchase and sale of motor vehicles without transfer registration, the registered nominal person should not bear the responsibility. The fourth part: the risk prevention of car purchase by name. This part describes that there are many legal risks in the purchase of car by name. In view of these risks, this paper gives some points that should be paid attention to in the purchase of car by name, and how to minimize the occurrence of disputes.
【学位授予单位】：西南政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D923.2

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