论建筑工程“阴阳合同”效力
发布时间：2018-07-27 14:57
【摘要】：在学理和比较法上,广泛意义上的阴阳合同为通谋虚伪表示是比较明确的。但是因为我国合同法中并没有通谋虚伪表示这种情形,所以在我国现在的合同效力体系内如何认定建筑工程阴阳合同效力还是一个问题。目前关于建筑工程阴阳合同效力认定在司法实践上、学术探讨上都并没有达成统一。笔者拟通过本文探讨如何在我国合同效力体系下判定建筑工程阴阳合同效力,并推及到其他阴阳合同。本文在第一章就建筑工程阴阳合同的基本概念、形成原因、法律危害进行了介绍。阴阳合同是指双方就同一建筑工程签订两份合同,一份为经过招投标、备案的阳合同,一份为私密的、实际履行的阴合同。第二章是本文的核心部分,主要围绕《中华人民共和国合同法》(以下简称“《合同法》”)、《中华人民共和国招标投标法》(以下简称“《招标投标法》”)及司法解释来讨论我国建筑工程阴阳合同效力判定问题。我国国内实践与国外实践存在巨大差异的原因在于我国合同无效制度本身的缺陷。在域内法中探究建筑工程阴阳合同效力首先要明确“是否备案”并不影响建筑工程阴阳合同效力。通过对《合同法》第52条第2、3、4、5项和“通谋虚伪表示”的学理分析,笔者认为阳合同效力应当根据“以合法形式掩盖非法目的”进行否定,不适用《合同法》第52项第2项。对于阴合同效力判定要重点寻找是否存在《合同法》第52条第4、5项所规定的无效情形。笔者倾向于从国家利益、社会公共利益的角度,一体化把握《合同法》第52条第4、5项。在合同法总则上初步解决了建筑工程阴阳合同效力问题之后,继续在特别法中的探讨,特别是《最高人民法院关于审理建设工程施工合同纠纷案件适用法律问题的解释》(以下简称“《司法解释》”)第21条。第21条本质上只是一个裁判性规则,并未对建筑工程阴阳合同效力进行说明,不应构成建筑工程阴阳合同效力认定上的障碍。其应当有两个适用前提:针对必须进行招投标的项目,阴阳合同均告无效的情况。在分析阴合同效力上,笔者认为《招标投标法》第46条为管理性禁止性规定,阴合同不因违反该规定而无效。此外,笔者就几种常见的阴合同的效力作出了分析。本文第三章对我国判定建筑工程阴阳合同效力提出了四点建议:完善我国合同无效制度;正确认识《司法解释》第21条并限缩其适用范围,在情况允许的情况下废止该条款;加强对其他投标人和善意第三人信赖利益的保护;向其他合同领域推广建筑工程阴阳合同效力分析方法。
[Abstract]:In the theory and the comparative law, the extensive meaning of the Yin and yang contract is more explicit in the conspiracy of hypocrisy. However, because there is no hypocrisy in the contract law of China to express this situation, it is still a problem how to identify the contractual efficiency of the construction engineering Yin Yang within the present contract effectiveness system in our country. The author of this article is to discuss how to judge the validity of the contract of construction engineering under the contract effectiveness system and promote the contract of other Yin and Yang under the contract effectiveness system of our country. In the first chapter, the basic concept of the construction project yin yang contract, the cause of the formation and the legal harm are discussed in the first chapter. The contract means that the contract of yin and Yang refers to the signing of two contracts between the two parties on the same construction project, one for the bid, the record of the positive contract, a private contract, and the actual performance of the contract. The second chapter is the core of this article, mainly around the People's Republic of China Contract Law (hereinafter referred to as "the contract law >"), < the people's Republic of China. The law of tendering and bidding of the country (hereinafter referred to as "the tendering and Bidding Law >") and judicial interpretation are used to discuss the determination of the validity of the contract in China's architectural engineering. The reasons for the huge difference between China's domestic practice and the foreign practice lie in the defects of the system of contract invalidity in our country. The validity of the contract does not affect the validity of the contract. Through the analysis of the fifty-second article 2,3,4,5 and the expression of the hypocrisy of conspiracy, the author thinks that the validity of the contract should be denied according to the legal form of concealing the illegal purpose, and the contract law is not applicable to the fifty-second items of the second items. We should focus on finding out whether there exists the invalid situation stipulated in the contract law and the fifty-second article 4,5. I tend to integrate the contract law and the fifty-second item 4,5 from the point of view of the national interest and the social public interest. There are twenty-first interpretations of the application of the Supreme People's Court on the application of legal problems in the cases of construction contract disputes in construction projects (hereinafter referred to as "the" judicial interpretation "). The twenty-first article is essentially a referee rule, which does not explain the validity of the construction project yin yang contract, and should not constitute a barrier to the determination of the validity of the contract. It should have two applicable prerequisites: in the case of a project that must be bid and bid, the contract of yin and Yang is null and void. In the analysis of the validity of the Yin contract, the author thinks that the "bidding method > forty-sixth" is a regulatory prohibition, and the Yin contract is not invalid because of violation of the regulations. In addition, the author makes the effectiveness of several common negative contracts. The third chapter of this article puts forward four suggestions to our country to judge the validity of the contract of construction engineering of yin and Yang in China: to improve the system of contract invalidity in China; to correctly recognize the twenty-first articles of the judicial interpretation and to limit the scope of its application, to abolish the clause in the case of the circumstances permitted; to strengthen the protection of the trust interests of other bidder and good faith; to the other In the same field, we should promote the method of analyzing the validity of construction contracts.
【学位授予单位】：中国政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：D923.6
[Abstract]:In the theory and the comparative law, the extensive meaning of the Yin and yang contract is more explicit in the conspiracy of hypocrisy. However, because there is no hypocrisy in the contract law of China to express this situation, it is still a problem how to identify the contractual efficiency of the construction engineering Yin Yang within the present contract effectiveness system in our country. The author of this article is to discuss how to judge the validity of the contract of construction engineering under the contract effectiveness system and promote the contract of other Yin and Yang under the contract effectiveness system of our country. In the first chapter, the basic concept of the construction project yin yang contract, the cause of the formation and the legal harm are discussed in the first chapter. The contract means that the contract of yin and Yang refers to the signing of two contracts between the two parties on the same construction project, one for the bid, the record of the positive contract, a private contract, and the actual performance of the contract. The second chapter is the core of this article, mainly around the People's Republic of China Contract Law (hereinafter referred to as "the contract law >"), < the people's Republic of China. The law of tendering and bidding of the country (hereinafter referred to as "the tendering and Bidding Law >") and judicial interpretation are used to discuss the determination of the validity of the contract in China's architectural engineering. The reasons for the huge difference between China's domestic practice and the foreign practice lie in the defects of the system of contract invalidity in our country. The validity of the contract does not affect the validity of the contract. Through the analysis of the fifty-second article 2,3,4,5 and the expression of the hypocrisy of conspiracy, the author thinks that the validity of the contract should be denied according to the legal form of concealing the illegal purpose, and the contract law is not applicable to the fifty-second items of the second items. We should focus on finding out whether there exists the invalid situation stipulated in the contract law and the fifty-second article 4,5. I tend to integrate the contract law and the fifty-second item 4,5 from the point of view of the national interest and the social public interest. There are twenty-first interpretations of the application of the Supreme People's Court on the application of legal problems in the cases of construction contract disputes in construction projects (hereinafter referred to as "the" judicial interpretation "). The twenty-first article is essentially a referee rule, which does not explain the validity of the construction project yin yang contract, and should not constitute a barrier to the determination of the validity of the contract. It should have two applicable prerequisites: in the case of a project that must be bid and bid, the contract of yin and Yang is null and void. In the analysis of the validity of the Yin contract, the author thinks that the "bidding method > forty-sixth" is a regulatory prohibition, and the Yin contract is not invalid because of violation of the regulations. In addition, the author makes the effectiveness of several common negative contracts. The third chapter of this article puts forward four suggestions to our country to judge the validity of the contract of construction engineering of yin and Yang in China: to improve the system of contract invalidity in China; to correctly recognize the twenty-first articles of the judicial interpretation and to limit the scope of its application, to abolish the clause in the case of the circumstances permitted; to strengthen the protection of the trust interests of other bidder and good faith; to the other In the same field, we should promote the method of analyzing the validity of construction contracts.
【学位授予单位】：中国政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：D923.6
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