饲养动物损害责任之归责原则研究

发布时间：2018-07-29 11:27

【摘要】：饲养动物损害责任的归责原则在选择无过错责任原则和过错责任原则上,我国经历了不同的历史时期,但是现行的法律也并没有彻底明确。然而,相对于《民法通则》而言,《侵权责任法》对饲养动物损害责任的法律规定更为具体、全面,也有了新的变化,主要表现在采取多元归责原则,严格了免责事由的适用,还添加了几种特殊情形下的责任归属。虽然《侵权责任法》是动物侵权方面的立法的一次丰富,但关于归责原则的适用仍然较为混乱。本文即通过对饲养动物损害责任归责原则的较为详细地介绍与分析,建议厘清我国饲养动物损害责任归责原则,以期能对我国相关立法的完善有所裨益。本文共分为三个部分。第一部分是解读我国饲养动物损害责任归责原则。建国后,我国饲养动物损害责任在《民法通则》实施前的司法实践主要采过错责任原则,《民法通则》实施后则兼采无过错责任原则和过错责任原则,《侵权责任法》的施行则将采取多元归责原则,表现为程度不同的无过错责任原则和过错责任原则。然而《侵权责任法》关于饲养动物损害责任的归责原则适用区分标准混乱,第78条的性质也并非是一般条款。第二部分是考察并借鉴域外法上饲养动物损害责任归责原则。域外法上,对于饲养动物损害责任的归责原则适用区分不同的标准适用不同的归责原则,该标准一般表现为责任主体的不同和致害动物的不同。英国和美国以动物性质为标准适用不同的归责原则,埃塞俄比亚则主要以责任主体为标准,德国兼采动物和责任主体标准。第三部分是对我国饲养动物损害责任归责原则完善的建议。本文建议借鉴德国的二元区分标准,根据动物性质的不同和责任主体的区分来分别适用无过错责任原则和过错责任原则。同时,该部分还对与归责原则相关的责任主体的认定及抗辩事由的适用进行了一定的阐释。
[Abstract]:In choosing the principle of no-fault liability and the principle of fault liability, our country has experienced different historical periods, but the current law is not completely clear. However, compared with the General principles of Civil Law, the Tort liability Law has more specific, comprehensive and new changes in the legal provisions on the liability for the injury of raising animals, which are mainly manifested in the adoption of the principle of multiple imputation and the strict application of the reasons for exemption from liability. A number of special circumstances have also been added to the attribution of responsibility. Although the Tort liability Law is rich in animal tort legislation, the application of imputation principle is still confused. Through the detailed introduction and analysis of the principle of liability for injury of raising animals, this paper proposes to clarify the principle of imputation of liability for injury of raising animals in China, in order to be of benefit to the perfection of relevant legislation in our country. This paper is divided into three parts. The first part is to interpret the principle of liability for damage caused by animal rearing in China. After the founding of the people's Republic of China, The judicial practice of animal breeding damage liability in China before the implementation of the General principles of Civil Law mainly adopts the principle of fault liability, the principle of no-fault liability and the principle of fault liability after the implementation of the General principles of Civil Law, and the implementation of the Tort liability Law. The principle of multiple imputation will be adopted. The principle of non-fault liability and the principle of fault liability are shown in different degrees. However, the principle of imputation of liability for the injury of raising animals in the Tort liability Act is confused in the application of the distinction standard, and the nature of Article 78 is not a general provision. The second part is to investigate and learn from the principle of liability for damage caused by raising animals. In the extraterritorial law, the principle of imputation of liability for raising animal damage applies to different standards, which generally show the difference of the subject of responsibility and the difference of the injurious animal. The United Kingdom and the United States apply different imputation principles according to the animal nature standard, while Ethiopia mainly takes the responsibility subject as the standard and Germany adopts the animal and responsibility subject standard. The third part is the suggestion to perfect the principle of imputation of animal injury liability in our country. This paper suggests that the principle of no-fault liability and the principle of fault liability should be applied according to the differences in animal nature and the distinction between the subject of responsibility and the standard of dualistic distinction in Germany. At the same time, this part also explains the cognizance of the responsibility subject and the application of the defense in relation to the principle of imputation.
【学位授予单位】：宁波大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D923

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