环境损害惩罚性赔偿制度探析
发布时间：2018-07-29 14:25
【摘要】：惩罚性赔偿是指由法庭所作出的赔偿数额超出实际损害数额的赔偿。惩罚性赔偿旨在针对被告故意侵权行为造成的损失进行填补之外,对被告加以额外的赔偿责任以防止将来重犯,同时也达到惩戒他人的目的。确立环境损害惩罚性赔偿制度是彰显社会正义的需要,有助于增强公众的维权意识,增加企业违法成本并有效遏制环境损害违法行为的发生。环境损害惩罚性赔偿的构成要件包括:主观上存在故意和重大过失、行为违反了环境行政法律法规、产生了环境损害的后果、损害行为与损害后果之间具有因果关系。环境侵权领域,需要在以下三类案件中引入惩罚性赔偿:一是加害人故意违法污染环境导致人身损害;二是加害人故意违法损害了国家、集体和公民个人的财产;三是加害人故意违法导致生态环境受到损害。环境损害惩罚性赔偿应采取弹性金额模式确定赔偿数额,并规定赔偿金的最高限值。
[Abstract]:Punitive damages refer to the damages made by the court in excess of the actual amount of damages. Punitive damages are intended to compensate for the damage caused by the defendant's intentional infringement, and to impose additional liability on the defendant to prevent future recidivism and to punish others at the same time. The establishment of punitive compensation system for environmental damage is the need to highlight social justice, help to strengthen the public awareness of safeguarding rights, increase the illegal costs of enterprises and effectively curb the occurrence of illegal acts of environmental damage. The constitutive elements of punitive damages for environmental damage include: intentional and gross negligence, the behavior violates the environmental administrative laws and regulations, and produces the consequences of environmental damage, and there is a causal relationship between the damage behavior and the damage consequences. In the field of environmental tort, punitive damages should be introduced in the following three kinds of cases: first, the intentional illegal pollution of the environment by the perpetrators results in personal injury; second, the perpetrators intentionally violate the law and damage the property of the state, the collective and the individual citizens; Third, the intentional violation of the law caused damage to the ecological environment. Punitive damages for environmental damage should adopt the elastic amount model to determine the amount of compensation, and stipulate the maximum value of compensation.
【作者单位】： 环境保护部政策法规司行政复议处;环境保护部环境规划院;
【分类号】：D923
[Abstract]:Punitive damages refer to the damages made by the court in excess of the actual amount of damages. Punitive damages are intended to compensate for the damage caused by the defendant's intentional infringement, and to impose additional liability on the defendant to prevent future recidivism and to punish others at the same time. The establishment of punitive compensation system for environmental damage is the need to highlight social justice, help to strengthen the public awareness of safeguarding rights, increase the illegal costs of enterprises and effectively curb the occurrence of illegal acts of environmental damage. The constitutive elements of punitive damages for environmental damage include: intentional and gross negligence, the behavior violates the environmental administrative laws and regulations, and produces the consequences of environmental damage, and there is a causal relationship between the damage behavior and the damage consequences. In the field of environmental tort, punitive damages should be introduced in the following three kinds of cases: first, the intentional illegal pollution of the environment by the perpetrators results in personal injury; second, the perpetrators intentionally violate the law and damage the property of the state, the collective and the individual citizens; Third, the intentional violation of the law caused damage to the ecological environment. Punitive damages for environmental damage should adopt the elastic amount model to determine the amount of compensation, and stipulate the maximum value of compensation.
【作者单位】： 环境保护部政策法规司行政复议处;环境保护部环境规划院;
【分类号】：D923
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