《民法总则》重大误解视野下动机错误的救济路径分析——以错误“二元论”与“一元论”之争为切入点

发布时间：2018-08-05 15:19

【摘要】：对于动机错误有二元论与一元论之争。二元论者囿于"错误"是"表意人非故意的意思与表示不一致"的理念,不得不将"性质错误"拟制为内容错误,将双方动机错误置于错误法外救济。此种处理模式导致错误理论日益复杂化,难以把握。一元论为了将动机错误从可救济的错误中排除出去,主要采用列举或者相对人可识别性的方式。列举方式的优点是通俗易懂、便于操作,缺点是难免存在遗漏;相对人可识别性的方式无法妥善解决纯使他人受益的法律行为中的动机错误与双方动机错误问题。我国可以借鉴一元论和二元论的优点,尝试采用第三条路径,即"统分结合模式":"分"就是坚持动机错误与表示错误的区分;"统"就是在司法解释中,将主观行为基础错误、性质错误以及纯使他人受益的法律行为中,成为行为人发出意思表示唯一原因或主要原因的动机错误和表示错误一体纳入《民法总则》148条予以救济。
[Abstract]:There is a dispute between dualism and monism about motive errors. Due to the idea that "error" is "the intention of the ideographer is not consistent with the expression", the dualist has to make the "nature error" fictitious as the content error and put the error of both sides' motive into the remedy of the wrong law. This kind of processing mode leads to the increasing complexity of error theory, which is difficult to grasp. Monism, in order to exclude the error of motive from the remedy, mainly adopts the way of enumeration or relative identifiability. The advantage of enumeration is that it is easy to understand, easy to operate, and the disadvantage is that it is inevitable that there are omissions; the identifiable way of relative person can not properly solve the problem of motive error and mutual motivation error in legal acts that only benefit others. China can draw lessons from the advantages of monism and dualism, and try to adopt the third path, that is, "combination of unity and division": "division" is to insist on the distinction between motive error and representation error, "unification" is to base subjective behavior on errors in judicial interpretation. In the nature error and the legal act which only benefits others, the motive mistake and the expression mistake which become the only reason or the main reason of the perpetrator to express his will are included in article 148 of the General principles of Civil Law to remedy them.
【作者单位】：周口师范学院政法学院;
【基金】：河南省教育厅人文社科一般项目《我国民法典重大误解的认定及其撤销》(2018-JDJH-411)阶段性成果
【分类号】：D923

【相似文献】