论环境共同侵权中的因果关系
发布时间：2018-10-23 18:38
【摘要】：随着我国工业化进程的加快以及科技的发展,环境污染和生态破坏问题日益突出,环境共同侵权纠纷的数量迅速增长。因环境共同侵权具有潜伏性、、复杂性、间接性等特点,导致了其因果关系难以通过传统理论来判定,这为法院处理环境共同侵权案件造成了巨大的困难,不利于保护受害人的合法权益。 本文从四个方面对环境共同侵权中的因果关系进行了分析。介绍了环境共同侵权因果关系基础理论,从概念、本质和类型三个方面阐述了环境共同侵权的内涵,认为环境共同侵权的本质是共同结果；比较分析了两大法系传统侵权因果关系并在此基础上对环境共同侵权因果关系进行了界定,且分析了其特点。分析了环境共同侵权因果关系的判定,通过评析传统侵权因果关系理论,结合环境共同侵权的特殊性,得出传统侵权因果关系理论在环境共同侵权因果关系判定领域存在适用困难的结论；考察了国外的因果关系推定理论,认为环境共同侵权因果关系的判定应适用因果关系推定。介绍了我国环境共同侵权因果关系判定的理论、立法现状以及司法实践中存在的问题,论证了举证责任倒置的不合理性。最后提出了构建环境共同侵权因果关系推定制度,在比较分析法律推定和事实推定的基础上,作出正确的立法选择即法律推定；在司法适用方面,提出了因果关系推定具体的步骤,并对不同类型的环境共同侵权适用相应的推定方法。
[Abstract]:With the acceleration of industrialization and the development of science and technology, the problems of environmental pollution and ecological destruction have become increasingly prominent, and the number of environmental joint infringement disputes has increased rapidly. Due to the latent, complex and indirect characteristics of environmental joint tort, it is difficult to judge its causality through traditional theory, which makes it difficult for the court to deal with environmental joint tort cases. It is detrimental to the protection of the victim's legitimate rights and interests. This paper analyzes the causality in environmental joint tort from four aspects. This paper introduces the basic theory of environmental joint tort causality, expounds the connotation of environmental joint tort from three aspects: concept, essence and type, and holds that the essence of environmental joint tort is a common result. This paper compares and analyzes the traditional tort causality between the two legal systems, defines the causality of environmental joint tort on this basis, and analyzes its characteristics. This paper analyzes the judgment of environmental joint tort causality, through the analysis of traditional tort causality theory, combined with the particularity of environmental joint tort, The conclusion that the traditional tort causality theory is difficult to be applied in the field of environmental joint tort causality judgment is concluded that the causality presumption should be applied in the judgment of environmental joint tort causality. This paper introduces the theory of causality judgment of environmental joint tort in China, the present situation of legislation and the problems existing in judicial practice, and demonstrates the irrationality of the inversion of the burden of proof. Finally, the author puts forward the construction of the presumption system of causality of environmental joint tort. On the basis of comparative analysis of the presumption of law and the presumption of fact, the author makes a correct legislative choice, that is, presumption of law, in the aspect of judicial application. The concrete steps of causality presumption are put forward, and the corresponding presumption methods are applied to different kinds of environmental joint tort.
【学位授予单位】：北京交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D923
本文编号：2290139
[Abstract]:With the acceleration of industrialization and the development of science and technology, the problems of environmental pollution and ecological destruction have become increasingly prominent, and the number of environmental joint infringement disputes has increased rapidly. Due to the latent, complex and indirect characteristics of environmental joint tort, it is difficult to judge its causality through traditional theory, which makes it difficult for the court to deal with environmental joint tort cases. It is detrimental to the protection of the victim's legitimate rights and interests. This paper analyzes the causality in environmental joint tort from four aspects. This paper introduces the basic theory of environmental joint tort causality, expounds the connotation of environmental joint tort from three aspects: concept, essence and type, and holds that the essence of environmental joint tort is a common result. This paper compares and analyzes the traditional tort causality between the two legal systems, defines the causality of environmental joint tort on this basis, and analyzes its characteristics. This paper analyzes the judgment of environmental joint tort causality, through the analysis of traditional tort causality theory, combined with the particularity of environmental joint tort, The conclusion that the traditional tort causality theory is difficult to be applied in the field of environmental joint tort causality judgment is concluded that the causality presumption should be applied in the judgment of environmental joint tort causality. This paper introduces the theory of causality judgment of environmental joint tort in China, the present situation of legislation and the problems existing in judicial practice, and demonstrates the irrationality of the inversion of the burden of proof. Finally, the author puts forward the construction of the presumption system of causality of environmental joint tort. On the basis of comparative analysis of the presumption of law and the presumption of fact, the author makes a correct legislative choice, that is, presumption of law, in the aspect of judicial application. The concrete steps of causality presumption are put forward, and the corresponding presumption methods are applied to different kinds of environmental joint tort.
【学位授予单位】：北京交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D923
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