论特定物买卖瑕疵履行时的交付替代物
发布时间：2018-10-23 19:13
【摘要】：买卖标的物是特定物,当出现物的瑕疵时,如果存在同等价值以及相同种类的替代物,交付替代物是恰当的再履行方式。买受人在"绝对成比例"和"相对成比例"的界限内,可以选择让出卖人交付替代物。在首次给付出现瑕疵时,买受人第一性的救济权利是要求出卖人排除瑕疵(修理)或者交付替代物,不是直接解除合同或者减少价款。买受人作出交付替代物的选择后,不得将交付替代物任意变更为消除瑕疵。我国《合同法》没有区别种类物和特定物交易,其第111条对违约责任方式进行了一体规定,这种规定为理论和实践中进一步承认特定物买卖出现瑕疵履行时可以适用交付替代物提供了可能的空间。然而,我国《合同法》的不足之处是没有直接规定或者通过其他间接条款确定"再履行"(消除瑕疵或者交付替代物)的优先地位,这是我国《合同法》修订过程中应当予以考虑的,以保障合同法中"契约严守"原则和"继续履行"原则的贯彻。另外,对特定物的瑕疵履行适用交付替代物受到比例原则的限制,鉴于比例原则需要考虑的因素很多,不可能在立法机关制定的法律中逐一规定,可以通过指导性案例确定不同情况时"合比例"的阈值。
[Abstract]:The subject matter of sale and purchase is a specific object. If there is an equal value and the same kind of substitute, the delivery of the substitute is the appropriate way of reperformance. Within the boundaries of absolute proportion and relative proportion, the buyer has the option of letting the seller deliver the substitute. In the case of defects in the first payment, the buyer's first right of relief is to require the seller to remove the defect (repair) or deliver the substitute, not to cancel the contract directly or to reduce the price. After the buyer has made the choice to deliver the substitute, the delivery substitute shall not be arbitrarily changed to eliminate defects. The contract Law of our country does not distinguish the kind and the specific thing transaction, its article 111 has carried on the unified stipulation to the breach of contract liability way, This provision provides a possible space for further recognition in theory and practice of the possibility of applying the delivery of a substitute in the event of defective performance in the transaction of a particular thing. However, the deficiency of the contract Law of China is that it does not provide directly or through other indirect clauses to determine the priority of "reperformance" (eliminating defects or delivering substitutes). This should be considered in the course of the revision of contract Law in China, in order to ensure the implementation of the principle of "strict adherence to contract" and the principle of "continuing performance" in contract law. In addition, the application of the principle of proportionality to the performance of defects in a particular object is limited by the principle of proportionality. In view of the many factors that need to be taken into account in the principle of proportionality, it is not possible to specify it on a case-by-case basis in laws enacted by the legislature. The threshold of proportionality in different cases can be determined by instructive cases.
【作者单位】： 济南大学政法学院;
【基金】：中国法学会研究课题“民法典编纂背景下宽限期设置解约研究”[项目编号:CLS(2016)D69] 山东省法学会2016年课题(D15)的部分研究成果
【分类号】：D923.6
[Abstract]:The subject matter of sale and purchase is a specific object. If there is an equal value and the same kind of substitute, the delivery of the substitute is the appropriate way of reperformance. Within the boundaries of absolute proportion and relative proportion, the buyer has the option of letting the seller deliver the substitute. In the case of defects in the first payment, the buyer's first right of relief is to require the seller to remove the defect (repair) or deliver the substitute, not to cancel the contract directly or to reduce the price. After the buyer has made the choice to deliver the substitute, the delivery substitute shall not be arbitrarily changed to eliminate defects. The contract Law of our country does not distinguish the kind and the specific thing transaction, its article 111 has carried on the unified stipulation to the breach of contract liability way, This provision provides a possible space for further recognition in theory and practice of the possibility of applying the delivery of a substitute in the event of defective performance in the transaction of a particular thing. However, the deficiency of the contract Law of China is that it does not provide directly or through other indirect clauses to determine the priority of "reperformance" (eliminating defects or delivering substitutes). This should be considered in the course of the revision of contract Law in China, in order to ensure the implementation of the principle of "strict adherence to contract" and the principle of "continuing performance" in contract law. In addition, the application of the principle of proportionality to the performance of defects in a particular object is limited by the principle of proportionality. In view of the many factors that need to be taken into account in the principle of proportionality, it is not possible to specify it on a case-by-case basis in laws enacted by the legislature. The threshold of proportionality in different cases can be determined by instructive cases.
【作者单位】： 济南大学政法学院;
【基金】：中国法学会研究课题“民法典编纂背景下宽限期设置解约研究”[项目编号:CLS(2016)D69] 山东省法学会2016年课题(D15)的部分研究成果
【分类号】：D923.6
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