车辆贬值损失赔偿问题研究

发布时间：2018-11-16 10:53

【摘要】：随着我国法制化建设进程的不断推进,人们的法制观念逐渐增强,财产所有权人的维权意识也大大提高,许多地区的法院均出现了诉请车辆贬值损失赔偿的案件,而由于我国法律并没有相关的明文规定,导致这类诉请在不同地区法院的判决结果大相径庭。有的法院予以支持,有的法院不予支持,有的法院对此没有明确说明,还有的法院比较中立酌情给予赔偿,其中法院的主要争议焦点集中在如何认定车辆贬值损失的法律性质,对车辆贬值损失是否应当进行赔偿,以及对其赔偿是否有法律依据。笔者以南京市的一起真实案件为例,对车辆贬值损失的相关问题进行分析。首先,文章从法理的角度对车辆贬值损失予以界定,并根据学者的观点,以车辆贬值损失发生的原因为标准将车辆贬值损失分为技术性贬值、交易性贬值。另外,笔者还对车辆贬值损失与纯粹经济损失、逸失利益损失的相关概念、特征做出比较,以更好的区分彼此,以便对车辆贬值损失的含义有更加清晰的认识。其次,笔者分析了国内外理论界、实务界对车辆贬值损失的认定及处理,对国内的分析,主要是通过判例分析的方法,笔者以浙江省各地法院以及南京市中级法院的判决结果为蓝本,归纳法院在判决时予以支持和不予支持的理由,总结法院作出判决的争议焦点;对国外的分析,主要是通过比较法的方法,选取了德国、奥地利、法国、意大利几个典型国家,对其看法进行相关介绍。再次,笔者从“损害”的概念和分类入手,探讨了不同类别损害的特征,重点区分直接损失与间接损失、实际利益损失与可得利益损失,明确车辆贬值损失应当属于直接损失、实际利益损失。然后,笔者从合法性与合理性两个角度对车辆贬值损失应予赔偿的观点做出分析。合法性分析主要是从我国现有的法律中找出支持车辆贬值损失赔偿的依据,包括民法的全部赔偿原则、可赔偿性(救济性)损失的认定以及车辆贬值损失的法律性质;合理性分析主要是从现实的角度找出车辆贬值损失应予赔偿的依据,主要包括具备可以量化的条件以及能够产生比较良好的社会价值引导。最后,笔者探讨了车辆贬值损失在我国面临的法律困境和现实障碍,主要包括目前法律规范的空白、机动车保险险种的缺失、鉴定评估困难以及社会认同度较低,并且据此对完善车辆贬值损失赔偿制度提出自己的初步构想。希望通过本文,能够明确车辆贬值损失的法律性质,树立车辆贬值损失应当得到赔偿的观点,并且为实践中解决车辆贬值损失赔偿问题提供可行的思路。
[Abstract]:With the development of legal construction in our country, people's concept of legal system has been gradually strengthened, and the awareness of property owners' rights has also been greatly improved. Courts in many areas have filed cases to appeal for compensation for the depreciation of vehicles. But because our country law does not have the related explicit stipulation, causes this kind of appeal in the different district court judgment result to differ greatly. Some courts support it, some courts do not explicitly state this, and others are relatively neutral and give compensation as appropriate. Among them, the main focus of the court dispute is on how to determine the legal nature of the devaluing loss of a vehicle. Whether to carry on the compensation to the vehicle depreciation loss, and whether has the legal basis to the compensation. Taking a real case in Nanjing as an example, the author analyzes the related problems of vehicle depreciation loss. Firstly, the paper defines the devaluing loss of vehicle from the angle of legal theory, and according to the viewpoint of scholars, divides the devaluing loss of vehicle into technical depreciation and transactional depreciation according to the reason of the devaluing loss of vehicle. In addition, the author compares the related concepts and characteristics of vehicle depreciation loss with pure economic loss and loss of interest in order to distinguish each other better, so as to have a clearer understanding of the meaning of vehicle depreciation loss. Secondly, the author analyzes the identification and treatment of the devaluing loss of vehicles in the theoretical and practical circles at home and abroad, and the domestic analysis, mainly through the method of case law analysis. Based on the results of the courts in Zhejiang Province and the Nanjing Intermediate Court, the author summarizes the reasons why the court supports and does not support the judgment, and summarizes the controversial focus of the court's decision. The analysis of foreign countries, mainly through the method of comparative law, selected Germany, Austria, France, Italy several typical countries, their views on the relevant introduction. Thirdly, starting with the concept and classification of "damage", the author discusses the characteristics of different types of damage, focusing on distinguishing between direct loss and indirect loss, actual loss of interest and loss of available interest, and making clear that the loss of depreciation of vehicle should be a direct loss. Loss of actual benefits. Then, the author analyzes the viewpoint that vehicle depreciation loss should be compensated from the perspectives of legality and rationality. The legitimacy analysis is mainly based on the existing laws of our country to find out the basis to support the compensation for vehicle depreciation loss, including all the principles of compensation in civil law, the recognition of compensability (relief) loss and the legal nature of vehicle depreciation loss. The rationality analysis is mainly to find out the basis of compensation for the depreciation loss of the vehicle from the practical point of view, mainly including the conditions which can be quantified and the good social value guidance. Finally, the author discusses the legal dilemma and practical obstacles of vehicle depreciation loss in China, including the blank of current legal norms, the lack of motor vehicle insurance, the difficulty of appraisal and the low degree of social identity. And according to this to perfect the vehicle depreciation loss compensation system puts forward own preliminary idea. It is hoped that through this article the legal nature of vehicle depreciation loss can be clarified, the viewpoint that vehicle depreciation loss should be compensated is established, and a feasible way of thinking is provided for solving the problem of vehicle depreciation loss compensation in practice.
【学位授予单位】：苏州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D923

【共引文献】