户外自助探险活动中组织者与同行者的民事法律责任研究

发布时间：2018-11-16 11:57

【摘要】：近年来,随着人民生活水平的提高和生活观念的转变,越来越多的人热衷于参加民间自发组织的户外探险活动,到大自然中挑战极限、超越自我。但由于探险活动存在风险性,参与者缺乏户外经验、专业装备和技术,户外探险活动事故和纠纷日益增多。而目前我国法律对该类活动并无明确的责任认定机制,法院的裁判依据和判决结果也不尽相同,很大程度上限制了户外自助探险活动的发展,更影响了法律的权威性。本文拟从侵权法角度分析户外自助探险活动中成员间的法律关系,进而明确各方主体的责任,为司法实践中处理该类纠纷提出一个明确的责任认定机制,希望有助于户外自助探险活动的健康有序发展。本文主要分为以下几个部分:引言部分介绍户外自助探险活动的概念、起源与发展,界定本文的研究对象是民间自发组织的户外探险活动。第一章认定户外自助探险活动的法律性质是情谊行为,分析该活动中可能发生的风险、侵权行为及侵权责任的主体和构成要件。第二章重点论述组织者承担侵权责任的法律依据是安全保障义务,分析该义务的法理依据、判断标准、合理限度,分析组织者的认定及过错责任的归责原则。第三章通过考察两大法系对一般救助义务的规定,分析理论界两种学说,认定同行者之间不存在法定的一般救助义务。同时探讨情谊救助人的权益保障问题。第四章探究户外自助探险活动的法律规制问题。引入风险自负原则作为组织者和同行者承担民事责任的抗辩理由,并分析免责声明在户外自助探险活动中的效力,针对活动的组织者与同行者,最终总结出一个明确的责任认定机制,为司法实践中处理该类案件提供一些建议。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the improvement of the people's living standard and the change of the concept of life, more and more people are keen to participate in the outdoor adventure activities organized by the people spontaneously, to challenge the limits of nature and to surpass themselves. However, due to the risk of adventure activities, the lack of outdoor experience, professional equipment and technology, accidents and disputes in outdoor exploration activities are increasing day by day. At present, the law of our country does not have a clear responsibility cognizance mechanism for this kind of activity, and the judgment basis and judgment result of the court are not the same, which limits the development of the outdoor self-exploring activities to a great extent, and also affects the authority of the law. From the perspective of tort law, this paper analyzes the legal relationship among the members of outdoor self-help adventure activities, and then clarifies the responsibility of the parties, and puts forward a clear responsibility determination mechanism for dealing with this kind of disputes in judicial practice. It is hoped that it will contribute to the healthy and orderly development of outdoor self-exploration activities. This paper is divided into the following parts: the introduction part introduces the concept, origin and development of outdoor self-help adventure activities, and defines that the research object of this paper is the outdoor adventure activities organized by the people spontaneously. The first chapter holds that the legal nature of outdoor self-exploration activities is friendship behavior, analyzes the possible risks, tort acts and tort liability of the subject and constituent elements in the activity. The second chapter mainly discusses that the legal basis of the organizer's liability for tort is the duty of safety and security, analyzes the legal basis of this obligation, judges the standard, the reasonable limit, analyzes the organizer's cognizance and the principle of liability attribution of fault liability. The third chapter analyzes the two theories and concludes that there is no legal obligation of general salvage between peers. At the same time, the protection of the rights and interests of friendship rescuers is discussed. Chapter four explores the legal regulation of outdoor self-exploration activities. Introducing the principle of risk conceit as the defense of the organizers and peers to bear civil liability, and analyzing the effectiveness of the disclaimer in outdoor self-exploration activities, aiming at the organizers and peers of the activities, Finally, a clear responsibility recognition mechanism is summarized, which provides some suggestions for dealing with this kind of cases in judicial practice.
【学位授予单位】：深圳大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D923

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