公共当局海难救助报酬请求权研究——以确立原则为视角

发布时间：2018-01-25 20:29

本文关键词： 公共当局海难救助救助报酬请求权自愿性职责内外原则　出处：《河北法学》2015年04期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：对公共当局在海难救助中的多种救助行为,存在判断其救助报酬请求权的三种划分原则:以职责内外进行划分的原则、以行为性质进行划分的原则以及统一法的方式。相对而言,以职责内外进行划分的原则建立在海难救助报酬"自愿性"要件基础之上,与现有海商法理论相符,更值得赞同。公共当局在我国法上被称为主管机关,关于主管机关的海难救助报酬请求权,我国《海商法》的规定并未从实质上解决问题,司法实践中尚未形成统一的做法,其所采取的一刀切方式,与海商法的基本理论与长久以来所形成的既定规则相悖。对此,一方面应对《海商法》的相关规定进行修改,另一方面应统一司法实践中处理此类案件的基本原则。
[Abstract]:There are three kinds of principles to judge the right to request compensation for salvage for public authorities in various rescue acts in maritime salvage: the principle of dividing inside and outside their duties. Relatively speaking, the principle of division of duties and responsibilities is based on the "voluntary" elements of compensation for salvage at sea, which is consistent with the existing maritime law theory. The public authority is called the competent authority in the law of our country. Concerning the right of the competent authority to claim compensation for salvage at sea, the provisions of the Maritime Law of our country have not solved the problem in essence. Judicial practice has not yet formed a unified approach, its adopted a one-size-fits-all approach, with the basic theory of maritime law and the established rules formed for a long time. On the one hand, the relevant provisions of Maritime Law should be amended, on the other hand, the basic principles of handling such cases in judicial practice should be unified.
【作者单位】：北京工商大学法学院;
【基金】：司法部国家治理与法学理论研究项目《海洋污染损害救济措施优化配置研究》(12SFB5053) 辽宁省社会科学规划基金项目《海上油污损害赔偿立法模式转型与风险分担机制社会化研究》(L11DFX022) 北京工商大学青年基金项目《主管机关海难救助报酬请求权研究》(QNJJ2014-04)
【分类号】：D922.294
【正文快照】： (北京工商大学法学院,北京100048)随着重特大海难事故对海上人命财产、海洋环境及海上航行安全等公共利益危害的加大,相关国际公约及国内立法均授权国家采取强制措施干预海难救助1。在这一背景下,公共当局越来越频繁地介入海难救助中。公共当局海难救助活动同样面临人力、物力

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