公序良俗原则下“平坟复耕”政策的法律思考

发布时间：2018-01-26 23:51

本文关键词： 平坟复耕公序良俗公共利益　出处：《天津商业大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：平坟复耕是河南省周口市等地区开展的一场殡葬改革，即消除田间坟头，恢复农业耕地。平坟复耕政策作为惠民殡改的一项重要内容，一方面要求将散落在田间的坟地恢复为耕地，另一方面要求推进殡葬改革，用3年时间完成农村公益性公墓全覆盖，做到火化率100%，彻底遏制偷埋乱葬和骨灰二次装棺，不再出现新坟头，逐步取消旧坟头。从政策制定的目的来看，平坟的初衷是解决大型机器耕作，死人与活人争地的问题。但从现实出发，，平坟的做法与当地讲究入土为安的传统风俗相悖，不符合公序良俗的要求，受到群众不同程度的抵制。部分地区强制平坟的做法也遭到质疑。“平坟复耕”政策与民法中的公序良俗原则存在着冲突，因此有必要对该问题进行分析论证。本文试图从民法的角度探究该政策，将思考的层面由伦理道德提升到法学理论的高度。本文共三个部分，前言部分概述了本文选题意义、背景和研究课题的国内外文献综述。第二部分是正文，包括第二章到第四章。第二章主要介绍民法学对公序良俗原则的界定，分别从大陆法系和英美法系概述公序良俗原则，并简要介绍我国民法对公序良俗原则的界定。重点强调对善良风俗的认识，通过对善良风俗认定主体及认定标准的分析，肯定土葬符合善良风俗的要求，强制平坟有违伦理道德。但随着社会的发展，善良风俗的内容也应与时俱进，逐步实现移风易俗，促进社会和谐发展。第三章主要是在公序良俗原则下对“平坟复耕”政策进行考量，先是分析公共利益与个人利益之间的冲突再引出平衡二者关系的可能。为了公共利益而限制个人利益，但这种限制必须有一定限度。个人利益并非无条件为公共利益让步。并强调比例原则在实现公共利益中的应用。进而对比例原则的三个子原则进行分析。平坟复耕中也应当贯彻这些原则。通过法哲学和法经济学的角度分别分析法对人权价值和效率价值的追求，得出进行平坟复耕的必要性，以及在追求效率时要重点保障人权的结论。第四章是对平坟复耕政策及公序良俗原则功能的分析。强调政策与法的良性互动，实现政策对法的补充作用以及法对政策的评价作用。强调只有符合公序良俗原则的要求才能体现民事政策惠民性的特点。文章最后是对本文的总结。本文从民商法视角，通过将公序良俗原则引入，研究在公序良俗原则下“平坟复耕”政策引发的各项冲突以及平衡问题。文章采用了文献综述方法，通过查阅国内外有关公序良俗原则、公共利益与个人利益的文献，翻阅了政治学、行政管理、社会保障等有关书籍，发现不同国家对公序良俗原则应用方式的不同，结合我国实际总结出符合我国国情的对善良风俗的认定标准。然后是比较研究方法，通过对大陆法系和英美法系各个国家有关公共利益和个人利益的研究现状，以及这些国家政府处理公共事务时对各方面利益平衡的研究成果，在对比我国的现行法律中的不足之处，借鉴发达国家的经验和启示，完善我国政策制定过程中的利益权衡问题。归纳的研究方法，笔者通过对相关资料整理分析，从法哲学角度和法经济学角度分别归纳出人权价值和效率价值的冲突问题。并结合文章主题，得出兼顾两种价值的结论。肯定平坟复耕政策实施的必要性，但同时强调要重视对公民权利的保护。平坟复耕政策只有符合公序良俗原则的要求才能体现其作为民事政策惠民性的特点。
[Abstract]:Flat Fen rehabilitation is a funeral reform carried out in Henan city of Zhoukou province and other regions, namely eliminating field Fentou, restoration of agricultural land. An important part of Hiratsuka rehabilitation policy as Huimin Bingai, a requirements will be scattered in the graveyard of the restoration of cultivated land, on the other hand, to promote the reform of the rural public service, complete cemetery with 3 years of full coverage, do cremation rate of 100%, to stop stealing bury ashes and the two coffin, no new graves, the phasing out of the old graves. From the policy objective, even grave intention is to solve large machine farming, the living and the dead. But the fight from the practical point of view, even grave practices and local stress laid to rest traditional customs which do not meet the requirements of public order and good customs, by the masses against different degrees. Some areas forced Hiratsuka is also being questioned. "Grave political rehabilitation" There is a conflict between policy and the principles of public order and good morals in civil law. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze and demonstrate this problem. This paper tries to explore this policy from the perspective of civil law, and raise the level of thinking from ethics to the height of legal theory.
This paper consists of three parts. The preface part summarizes the significance of the topic, literature review and research background. The second part is the main body, including the second chapter to the fourth chapter. The second chapter mainly introduces the definition of civil law principle of public order and good customs, respectively, from the mainland legal system and the Anglo American law system of public order and good customs the principle, and gives a brief introduction of China's civil law on the principle of public order and good custom defined. Emphasis on the understanding of good customs, the good customs and standards for the determination of the subject of analysis, certain burial kindheartedcustom requirements, forced Hiratsuka contrary to ethics. But with the development of society, the good custom content we should keep pace with the times, and gradually realize the refinement, and promote the harmonious development of society. The third chapter is the consideration of "grave rehabilitation" policy in the public order and good morals principle, first analysis between public interests and personal interests. The conflict then leads to balance the two relationships. In order to limit the public interest and personal interest, but this limitation must have certain limit. Personal interests for the public interest is not unconditional concessions. And emphasize the principle of proportionality in the implementation of public interest in the analysis. Then three sub principles of the principle of proportionality. Hiratsuka in rehabilitation we should implement these principles. The pursuit of human rights value and efficiency value were analyzed by the method of philosophy and the perspective of law and economics, it is necessary to Hiratsuka rehabilitation, and should focus on the protection of human rights theory in the pursuit of efficiency. The fourth chapter is the analysis of flat grave policy and rehabilitation principle of public order and good morals function on policy and law. The benign interaction, realize the role of evaluation of policies complement the law and law. Only in accordance with the principle of public order and good customs requirements in order to reflect the civil policy benefits The characteristics of the people's nature. At the end of this article is the summary of this article.
This paper from the perspective of civil law, by introducing the principle of public order and good customs, the conflict research in the principle of public order and good customs under the "Ping Fen rehabilitation policy induced and equilibrium problems. Using the literature review method, through the domestic and foreign relevant principles of public order and good morals, public interests and personal interests through literature. The political, administrative, social security and other related books, found in different countries on the principle of public order and good use of different methods, combined with China's actual summary of good custom standards consistent with China's national conditions. And then compare research methods, through the study of the status quo of the continental law system and common law countries concerned the public interests and personal interests, and those of the national government to deal with public affairs research results on all aspects of the balance of interests, the shortcomings in the current legal comparison in our country, the developed countries for reference The experience and enlightenment, perfecting the policy making process of balancing interests. The research method of induction, the author through the relevant data analysis, from the perspective of philosophy of law and law and economics perspective respectively summed up the conflict between human rights value and efficiency value. And combining with the theme, the consideration of two conclusions. Certainly even grave policy rehabilitation but also emphasized the importance and protection of citizens' rights. Only with the flat Fen rehabilitation policy principle of public order and good customs requirements in order to reflect the characteristics of the civil policy as Huimin.

【学位授予单位】：天津商业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D923.1

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