公司章程自治初探

发布时间：2018-01-28 09:22

本文关键词： 公司章程公司章程自治公司法　出处：《华东政法大学》2008年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】： 公司章程自治是私法自治在公司法上的体现,私法自治是整个民商法的核心理念。公司自治主要是股东利用公司章程来实现的,公司章程是股东自我设计治理空间的主要工具,所以公司章程自治是实现公司自治乃至私法自治的载体。对于长期欠缺私权文化传统的中国来说,公司章程自治似乎是一种奢谈。在我国很长一段时间内公司是作为国家规制的对象和工具而不是作为一个私权主体而存在的,因而也就没有公司章程自治可言。但是,随着我国社会主义市场经济体制的建立并逐渐深入发展,公司法给予了公司以更多的自治空间,如何使得公司在市场经济条件下更加健康发展,对公司章程自治问题的研究就十分必要了。本文的框架如下：第一部分是公司章程自治的含义。通过对两大法系关于公司章程不同规定的介绍,探讨了公司章程的概念。在此基础上,对公司章程自治的含义作了解析,为本文的论证搭建了一个理论平台。公司章程自治包括订立公司章程的自由、修改公司章程的自由和规定章程内容的自由。而后,又通过比较公司章程自治与私法自治、公司自治和股东自治的含义,从多角度论述了公司章程自治的含义。笔者认为,公司章程自治是私法自治在公司法上的体现,公司章程自治是公司自治的媒介,公司章程自治的核心是股东自治。第二部分：是公司章程自治的理论来源。在这一部分中,首先从学者们对公司自治的实质入手,分析了传统公司自治与现代公司自治的区别,笔者认为章程的自治法规性质更能准确体现公司章程在实际生活中的作用。而后,对公司章程自治的理论基础从公司章程自治的思想基础、经济基础,政治基础和法学基础四方面进行了阐述,自由主义是公司章程自治的思想基础；市场经济是公司章程自治的经济基础；民主政治是公司章程自治的政治基础；公司契约理论是公司章程自治的法学基础；这四者的有机结合最终孕育出了公司章程自治的理念。第三部分是对公司章程自治之边界解读。公司章程兼具自治性和法定性特征,两者同时共存,密不可分,公司章程法定性与自治性特征的关系是公司法强制性与任意性性质的反映。为回答章程自治与公司法强制的边界究竟在何处?本文从基本边界、价值边界、规则边界三个角度进行了分析。基本边界是指法律的强行性规定和公序良俗,公司章程的自治是有限自治。价值边界是指公平与效率价值、自由与公益价值的平衡点,这两组价值既矛盾冲突,又协调统一。规则边界是在将公司法规则划分为结构性规则、分配性规则和信义性规则的基础上,结合闭锁公司和公开公司两类不同的公司类型,判断规则是否具有强制性,从而划分出公司章程自治的边界。第四部分首先阐述了对我国《公司法》章程自治性的优势评价。章程自治的规定要实现的最终目标是使公司章程成为充满个性化的公司最高自治规范。但是,我们也看到在具体的商事实践中,公司章程存在着很多问题。我们面临的首要问题就是改变经营者对章程的错误和淡薄的意识,突出强调章程在公司经营中的重要作用。其次,应当将公司章程的制定与公司治理紧密的结合起来,制定出有个性并切实可行的公司章程。同时,不应滥用公司章程的自治原则,不能超越自治范围,并在实践中加强公司章程的执行性,提高公司章程的实效性固然要依靠公司自身及其内部参与人的自律履行和遵守,章程实效性的强化更有赖于他律机制的监控,即国家作为外力要加强对章程实施的监督和管理。
[Abstract]:The autonomy of company charter is reflected in the autonomy of company law, private law autonomy is the core concept of civil law. The company autonomy is the main shareholder of using the articles of association of the company to achieve the company charter is the main tool for shareholder self governance space design, so the autonomy of company charter is carrier to realize autonomy and autonomy for the long term. The lack of private cultural tradition China, autonomy of articles of association seems to be a talk in our country for a long period of time the company is as the object of state regulation and tools rather than as a private subject exists, so there is no autonomy at all. However, with the establishment of socialist market economy in China the system and development of company law, give the company more autonomous space, how to make the company under the condition of market economy the healthy development of the public. The study of the autonomy of the statute is very necessary.
The framework is as follows: the first part is the autonomy of the articles of association of the company. Based on the meaning of the two legal systems of different provisions of the articles of association of the company introduction, discusses the concept of the articles of association of the company. On the basis of the meaning of the autonomy of articles of association analysis, build a theoretical platform for this demonstration. The autonomy of company charter contract the articles of association of the company, the revision of the articles of association and the provisions of the constitution of the free free content. Then, through the comparison of the articles of association of the company autonomy and the autonomy of private law, autonomy of company and shareholder autonomy meaning, the meaning of the articles of association and discussion from different angles. The author believes that the autonomy of company charter is reflected in the autonomy of company law. The autonomy of articles of association of the company are autonomous core media, autonomy of articles of association is the shareholders' autonomy.
The second part: the theoretical source of the autonomy of company charter. In this part, starting from the essence of scholars of corporate autonomy, analyzes the traditional and modern company autonomy difference between company autonomy, the author thinks that the nature of the articles of association of the autonomous laws and regulations can reflect the effect of the articles of association of the company in real life accurately. Then, the ideological foundation based on the theory, the autonomy of company charter from the autonomy of articles of association in four aspects of economic basis, political basis and legal basis are described, liberalism is the ideological basis of autonomy of articles of Association; the market economy is the economic foundation of the autonomy of company charter; democratic politics is the political foundation of the autonomy of the articles of association of the company; the company contract theory is the legal basis of autonomy the articles of association of the company; the organic combination of these four eventually gave birth to the autonomy of company charter concept.
The third part is the interpretation of the autonomy of the company. The boundary of the articles of association of the company and characteristics of both autonomy and legality, both inseparable relationship, and the autonomy of the articles of association of the company legal characteristics of company law is a reflection of the compulsory and free nature. In order to answer the autonomy of company law enforcement and the boundary where this? From the basic value of the boundary, boundary, three point boundary rules are analyzed. The basic boundary refers to the mandatory provisions of law and the public order and good morals, the autonomy of the articles of association is limited. The autonomous value boundary refers to the value of equity and efficiency, balance of freedom and public value, the value of these two groups both contradictions and conflicts. And harmonious unity. Rule boundary is in the rules of company law is divided into structural rules based allocation rules and the fiduciary rules on the type of combination of closed company and public company of two kinds of Companies To judge whether the rules are mandatory and to divide the boundaries of the autonomy of the company's articles of association.
The fourth part first elaborated the advantages of the evaluation of China's company law > < the autonomy of the provisions of the constitution. The ultimate goal of autonomy is to achieve the company's articles of association to become an individual company highest autonomous standard. However, we also see in the commercial practice, articles there are a lot of problems. The first problem we face is the change of the articles of operator errors and lack of awareness, highlights the importance of the articles in the company. Secondly, it shall be formulated with the articles of association of the company governance closely together to formulate individual and practical articles of association of the company. At the same time, should not abuse the principle of autonomy of the articles of association of the company, not beyond the limits of the autonomy of, and strengthen the implementation of the company's articles of association in practice, to improve the effectiveness of the articles of association of the company is to rely on the company and their own internal self-discipline in fulfillment and The strengthening of the effectiveness of the articles of association depends more on the monitoring of the mechanism of heteronomy, that is, the state, as a foreign force, should strengthen the supervision and management of the implementation of the statute.

【学位授予单位】：华东政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2008
【分类号】：D922.291.91

【参考文献】