缔约托运人权利、义务及责任问题研究

发布时间：2018-01-28 07:49

本文关键词： 托运人缔约托运人交货托运人　出处：《上海海事大学》2005年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：为保护发货人的利益,我国《海商法》借鉴了《汉堡规则》的规定,将发货人纳入“托运人”的概念范畴,该规定历来存在着很大的争议。文章将以缔约为特征的托运人称为缔约托运人,将以交货为特征的托运人称为交货托运人,结合国内外法律法规、国际公约以及大量案例对缔约托运人的权利、义务及责任做了研究。全文共分三章。第一章研究了国际海商立法中托运人定义的演变过程,分析了我国《海商法》中托运人定义带来的一些理论困惑和实践困难,提出了修改《海商法》时将两类托运人分别改称为“托运人”和“发货人”的观点,并探讨了缔约托运人的识别方法。第二章论述了缔约托运人的权利。首先探讨了缔约托运人获得运输单证的权利,指出航运实践中扣签提单的做法于法无据,提出了两种托运人并存时提单应优先签发给交货托运人的观点。其次介绍了《UNCITRAL统一运输法草案》关于控制权的规定,分析了缔约托运人对海运货物的控制权,指出控制权随提单的转让而转让,阐述了缔约托运人行使该权利的注意事项,并对我国《合同法》第二百零八条的规定作了评论。再次,探讨了缔约托运人在船舶开航前与开航后的合同解除权,介绍了大陆法系的任意解除制度。最后,探讨了不可转让运输单证和可转让运输单证下缔约托运人对承运人的诉权,分析了我国司法实践中的不同观点,指出了提单转让后实际受到损害的缔约托运人享有对承运人的诉权的必要性,阐述了《UNCITRAL统一运输法草案》关于诉权的规定对修改我国《海商法》的借鉴价值。第三章论述了缔约托运人及时交付备妥待运的货物的义务,提供合理必须的信息、指示和单证的义务,支付运费的义务,违约责任归责原则以及与交货托运人的义务责任关系,特别探讨了缔约托运人托运危险货物时的责任。文章在引言中简要介绍了选题意义,在结束语中对全文内容及论述方法做了总结。
[Abstract]:In order to protect the interests of the consignor, China's Maritime Law draws on the provisions of the Hamburg rules and brings the consignor into the concept category of "shipper". In this article, the shipper characterized by contracting is called contracting shipper, and the shipper characterized by delivery is called delivery shipper, combined with domestic and foreign laws and regulations. International conventions and numerous cases have studied the rights, obligations and responsibilities of contracting shippers. The thesis is divided into three chapters. The first chapter studies the evolution of shippers' definition in international maritime legislation and analyzes some theoretical puzzles and practical difficulties brought about by the definition of shippers in China's Maritime Law. This paper puts forward the point of view that the two types of shippers should be renamed as "shipper" and "consignor" respectively when amending the Maritime Law, and probes into the method of identifying contracting shippers. The second chapter discusses the rights of contracting shippers. Firstly, it discusses the contracting shippers' right to obtain transport documents, and points out that the practice of withholding bills of lading in shipping practice has no basis in law. This paper puts forward the view that the bill of lading should be issued first to the shipper when the two shippers coexist. Secondly, it introduces the provisions of the draft uniform Transport Law of UNCITRAL on the right of Control. This paper analyzes the contracting shipper's right of control over the sea cargo, points out that the right of control is transferred with the transfer of the bill of lading, and expounds the matters needing attention for the contracting shipper to exercise this right. The article also makes a comment on the provisions of Article 208th of contract Law of China. Thirdly, this paper discusses the contracting shippers' right to rescind the contract before and after the voyage, and introduces the system of arbitrary rescission in the civil law system. This paper probes into the litigation rights of contracting shippers against the carrier under non-negotiable transport documents and negotiable transport documents, and analyzes the different viewpoints in the judicial practice of our country. It points out the necessity for the contracting shipper who has actually been injured after the transfer of bill of lading to have the right of action against the carrier. This paper expounds the reference value of the draft of UNCITRAL uniform Transport Law on the right of Action to the revision of China's Maritime Law. Chapter III discusses the contracting shipper's obligation to deliver the goods ready for shipment in a timely manner, to provide reasonably necessary information, instructions and documents, and the obligation to pay freight. The principle of liability for breach of contract and the relationship between liability and delivery shipper are discussed, especially when contracting shipper consigns dangerous goods. In the introduction, the paper briefly introduces the significance of the topic, and summarizes the content and discussion methods in the concluding remarks.
【学位授予单位】：上海海事大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2005
【分类号】：D922.294

【引证文献】