船舶抵押权若干问题研究

发布时间：2018-01-31 22:10

本文关键词： 船舶抵押权抵押船舶登记抵押船舶转让在建船舶　出处：《中国海洋大学》2008年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】： 20世纪以来,船舶日益巨型化、现代化,航运事业所需资金不断增加,船舶本身的价值也越来越大。通常,一个船公司是不可能有大量的流动资金用来购买一艘船,因此船舶所有人急需向银行或其他资金市场借入资金,于是船舶融资出现。船舶虽为动产,但具有极强的不动产性,于是各国仿照不动产抵押制度,另行创立了船舶抵押权制度。船舶上可以设立抵押权,且需要在国家指定的机构进行登记,以进行公示。因此,船舶抵押法律关系不仅要遵从于民法上关于抵押权的一般法律规定,更要就船舶的性质及航运实务的需要对其进行特定的规范。我国目前有关船舶抵押权的立法,在体系的完善上、某些法条的规定上都存在欠妥当的地方。笔者以为有必要对船舶抵押权某些方面的问题进行探讨和研究。本文共分五章。第一章对船舶抵押权进行概述。介绍了船舶抵押权的概念、特征、标的以及设定问题。由于不同法律对抵押权的标的规定不同,因此对船舶抵押权的标的进行了重点探讨。认为,除了包括传统上的抵押船舶外,还应当包括运费、租金等,以及根据船舶抵押权物上代位之性质,将对第三人的损害赔偿请求权、共同海损费用请求权以及对船东的救助报酬请求权皆都及于船舶抵押权物上代位的范围之内。第二章介绍了船舶抵押登记制度。对船舶抵押登记采取登记对抗主义还是登记生效主义,争议不断。《物权法》进一步明确了船舶抵押登记采取登记对抗主义。本文通过对两种不同模式的优劣对比,指出船舶抵押登记采取登记对抗主义的合理性。同时,指出我国的船舶抵押权登记是具有公信力的。最后,指出我国应设立船舶抵押登记请求权制度,从而对船舶登记制度进行完善。第三章着眼于船舶抵押权的主要特性之一优先受偿所受到的限制。分别对船舶抵押权之间、船舶抵押权与船舶优先权之间、船舶抵押权与船舶留置权之间以及船舶抵押权和光船租赁权之间的受偿顺序问题进行了介绍。第四章介绍了抵押船舶转让问题。认为,限制抵押船舶的转让不利于船舶经济价值的实现,是不合理的。为保护抵押船舶的受让人的权利,可赋予其代价清偿或参与拍卖的方式以取得清洁的船舶物权。《物权法》的规定进一步明确了船舶设定抵押之后又转让的,受让人可以代为清偿债务消灭抵押权。在以后的海商法修改中,也应与《物权法》保持一致,减少对抵押船舶转让的限制。第五章对船舶抵押的特殊客体在建船舶抵押权问题进行了介绍。从在建船舶定义、设定主体、设定时间、登记、实现等方面分析了在建船舶的不同。本文特别讨论了建船舶的实现问题,希望在传统的抵押权实现方式之外,寻求另一种在建船舶抵押权的实现方式。
[Abstract]:Since 20th century, ships have become more and more huge, modernized, and the cost of shipping has been increasing, and the value of the ships themselves has become more and more important. It is impossible for a shipping company to have a large amount of liquid capital to buy a ship, so the shipowner urgently needs to borrow money from the bank or other capital market, so the ship financing appears. But it has very strong immovable property, so countries imitate the immovable property mortgage system and create the ship mortgage system separately. The mortgage right can be set up on the ship, and it needs to be registered in the institution designated by the state. Therefore, the legal relationship of ship mortgage should not only comply with the general legal provisions on mortgage in civil law, but also regulate the nature of ships and the needs of shipping practice. At present, the legislation of ship mortgage in our country is on the perfection of the system. The author thinks it is necessary to discuss and study some aspects of ship mortgage. This paper is divided into five chapters. The first chapter gives an overview of ship mortgage. It introduces the concept, characteristics, subject matter and establishment of ship mortgage. Different laws have different provisions on the subject matter of mortgage. Therefore, this paper focuses on the subject matter of ship mortgage. In addition to including the traditional mortgage of the ship, it should also include freight, rent and so on, and according to the nature of subrogation of ship mortgage. The claim for damages to the third party, the claim for general average expenses and the claim for compensation for salvage to the shipowner are all within the scope of subrogation of the ship's mortgage. The second chapter introduces the ship mortgage registration system. The dispute continues. The property Law further clarifies that the ship mortgage registration adopts registration antagonism. This paper compares the merits and demerits of the two different modes. At the same time, it points out that the registration of ship mortgage right in our country is credible. Finally, it points out that China should set up the system of claim right of ship mortgage registration. In order to improve the ship registration system. The third chapter focuses on one of the main characteristics of ship mortgage. The order of payment between ship mortgage and ship lien and between ship mortgage and bareboat chartering right is introduced. Chapter 4th introduces the issue of mortgage ship transfer. It is unreasonable to restrict the transfer of mortgaged ship against the realization of the ship's economic value, so as to protect the rights of transferee of mortgaged ship. May give its consideration to pay off or participate in the auction in order to obtain clean real rights of the ship. The provisions of the "property Law" further clear the ship after the creation of mortgage transfer. The transferee may extinguish the mortgage on behalf of the debt. In the later maritime law amendment, the transferee should be consistent with the property Law and reduce the restrictions on the transfer of mortgaged ships. Chapter 5th introduces the problem of the special object of ship mortgage, which is the mortgage right of the ship under construction, from the definition of the ship under construction, the establishment of the subject, the setting time, and the registration of the ship under construction. This paper discusses the realization of the ship under construction and hopes to find another way to realize the mortgage in addition to the traditional mortgage.
【学位授予单位】：中国海洋大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2008
【分类号】：D923.2;D922.29

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