论船舶优先权效力冲突与衡平

发布时间：2018-02-02 12:34

本文关键词： 船舶优先权船舶抵押权船舶留置权船舶质权冲突　出处：《湘潭大学》2008年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】： 为鼓励对外贸易,促进航运事业的发展,国际公约和各国海商法一般都规定有船舶优先权制度。船舶优先权即以船舶为标的,以担保法定的特定债权的实现为目的,通过一定的司法程序扣留、拍卖产生特定债权之船舶,使法定的特殊海事债权人得以就船舶出卖所得价款优先于其他债权而受清偿的担保物权。船舶优先权是海商法上的特有制度,是国家为了发展航运事业,在调整船舶财产关系时,对船舶的保值和存续起着至关重要的作用,由立法设定的一种优先权的特别形式。关于船舶优先权制度的研究,最重要的问题是如何解决船舶优先权的效力冲突问题。船舶优先权效力冲突主要涉及船舶优先权之间的效力冲突,船舶优先权与船舶抵押权的效力冲突,船舶优先权与船舶留置权的效力冲突,船舶优先权与船舶质权的效力冲突。为了衡平船舶优先权效力冲突,学者们有不同见解,各国立法有不同规定。在我国,对如何衡平船舶优先权效力冲突的系统性研究还不多。从国际公约和各国立法来看,衡平船舶优先权之间的效力冲突主要适用了公共政策原则,倒序原则和同等地位原则。在学界对衡平船舶优先权与船舶抵押权效力冲突的三个方案中,船舶优先权制度不能废除,压缩和减少船舶优先权所担保的海事请求的项目并没有弥补船舶优先权欠缺公示性的缺陷,不能从根本上解决船舶优先权和船舶抵押权之间的效力冲突,而船舶优先权信息公开制度亦有缺陷。为从根本上衡平船舶优先权与船舶抵押权效力冲突,应对船舶优先权的信息公开制度作进一步完善。从船舶增值部分与船舶优先权的效力范围关系分析,造船人、修船人的船舶留置权可就所增值部分优先于船舶优先权而受偿更为合理。船舶质权应可依民法的规定设立,当船舶优先权与船舶质权效力发生冲突时,原则上船舶优先权享有最优先的受偿地位,优先于船舶质权受偿。但船舶优先权的效力要对抗在其后发生的船舶质权需及时公开登记有关船舶优先权信息,未公开登记之船舶优先权不得对抗后设立的船舶质权。
[Abstract]:In order to encourage foreign trade and promote the development of shipping industry, international conventions and maritime laws of various countries generally stipulate that there is a maritime lien system. In order to guarantee the legal realization of specific claims, through a certain judicial procedures to detain, auction the production of specific claims of the ship. The legal special maritime creditor can be paid off the security interest in respect of the sale of the ship over other claims. Maritime lien is a special system in maritime law, which is for the development of shipping industry. When adjusting the relationship of ship property, it plays an important role in keeping the value and survival of the ship, a special form of lien established by legislation. The study on the system of maritime lien. The most important problem is how to solve the conflict of effectiveness of maritime liens. The conflict of effectiveness of maritime liens mainly involves the conflicts of effectiveness between maritime liens, and between maritime liens and mortgage rights. In order to balance the conflict between the validity of maritime lien and the validity of lien, the conflict of validity between maritime lien and lien. In China, scholars have different opinions and different regulations in legislation. There are few systematic studies on how to balance the conflict of effectiveness of maritime liens. From the point of view of international conventions and national legislation, the principle of public policy is mainly applied to the conflict of effectiveness between the equalization of maritime liens. The principle of reverse order and the principle of equal status. The maritime lien system can not be abolished among the three schemes of the conflict between equal maritime liens and the validity of ship mortgage in academic circles. The reduction and compression of maritime claims secured by maritime liens does not make up for the lack of publicity of maritime liens and can not fundamentally solve the conflict between maritime liens and mortgage rights. In order to balance the conflict between maritime liens and the validity of ship mortgage fundamentally, there are some defects in the disclosure system of maritime lien information. The information disclosure system of maritime liens should be further improved. The shipbuilders should analyze the relationship between the value-added part of ships and the scope of effectiveness of maritime liens. It is more reasonable for the shipowner's lien of ship to be compensated for the increase in value over the maritime lien. The pledge of the ship should be established according to the provisions of the civil law when the lien of the ship and the validity of the pledge of the ship are in conflict. In principle, the maritime lien has the most priority status of compensation, which takes precedence over the pledge of the ship. However, the effectiveness of the maritime lien against the subsequent occurrence of the pledge of the ship needs to register the relevant maritime lien information in a timely and public manner. A ship whose maritime lien is not publicly registered shall not be set up against the pledge of the ship.
【学位授予单位】：湘潭大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2008
【分类号】：D996.19;D912.29

【引证文献】