民商合一视角下外观主义的困境与出路

发布时间：2018-02-03 14:05

本文关键词： 外观主义民商合一商法通则民商分立　出处：《华东政法大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：外观主义是一种以客观的外在表现形式确立法律关系的法律效果的现代商法原则。这种制度，目前在发达的西方法治国家例如德、法等国已经得到确认并且形成了一套完整的体系。但是在我国，该原则只体现于少数零散的法律规则中，学者的研究也较为散乱，，缺乏体系化的研究。究其原因，固然因为目前对于外观主义的研究起步太晚，更为重要的是我国目前实行的“民商合一”的立法模式，商法典没有单立，无法满足现阶段下经济社会发展的新的价值需求。在此种情况下，适用法律时，外观主义要让位于其他法律制度，难免出现混乱而导致无所适从的现象。针对外观主义在“民商合一”立法模式下面临的困境和出路，共分为四章进行具体阐述：第一章是对于外观主义的总体介绍。本文从概念、相关制度、构成要件以及法律效果四个方面对于外观主义进行了分析。理清了一些在理论界长期争议的概念，从体系化的角度将外观主义作了完整的梳理。第二章是对于外观主义在民商合一立法模式下出现的困境的阐述.主要从两个方面予以说明：一是由于未将民法与商法的适用范围加以区分而带来的效力判断上的混乱；二是缺乏统一的商事通则导致立法及司法的偏差。正是因为外观主义在现代中国存在如此多的问题，才导致外观主义原则长时间受到压制，没有发挥其应有的作用。第三章说明了决定民商立法模式的因素。主要从三个方面加以阐释，首先分析了目前国内外关于民商立法的现状与学说；其次解释了民商合一困难的原因——价值的冲突，最后说明了不同的价值取向决定不同的立法模式。第四章提出了解决外观主义困境的出路：应实行以《商法通则》为统率的实质民商分立。之所以得出这样的结论是因为首先外观主义应当做为统摄的原则而存在于商法中，另外根据我国目前存在着大量的商事单行法规，借鉴国外的经验，订立统一的民法典和商法典条件还不成熟。《商法通则》是目前可行的选择。
[Abstract]:The principle of modern commercial law is a legal effect of establishing legal relation in the form of objectivity . This system , currently in the developed western rule of law country such as Germany , France and other countries has been confirmed and formed a complete system . However , in our country , this principle is only embodied in the few scattered legal rules , the scholar ' s research is also scattered , lack of systematic study . The first chapter is the general introduction of appearance . This paper analyzes the appearance in four aspects : concept , relative system , constitutive requirements and legal effect . The second chapter is the description of the predicament of the appearance doctrine in the legislation mode of the integration of the civil and commerce . The two aspects are explained : Firstly , because the civil law and the scope of the commercial law are not distinguished from the scope of application of the commercial law , the confusion in the judgment of effectiveness is caused by the lack of uniform commercial law . It is precisely because the appearance doctrine has so many problems in the modern China , which leads to the long - term repression of the principle of appearance , and does not play its due role . The third chapter explains the factors that determine the mode of civil commercial legislation . Firstly , it analyzes the present situation and the theory about the legislation of the private commerce at home and abroad . Secondly , it explains the causes and the conflict of the cause of the difficulty of the civil business , and finally explains the different legislative patterns of the different value orientations . The fourth chapter puts forward the way out of solving the dilemma of appearance . It is concluded that the first appearance doctrine should be the principle of unity and exist in the commercial law .

【学位授予单位】：华东政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D923

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