我国民事优先权的种类及顺位研究

发布时间：2018-02-04 03:34

本文关键词： 民事优先权一般优先权特别优先权顺位　出处：《沈阳工业大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：民事优先权制度作为民商法的重要组成部分起源于罗马法，动因在于对弱者的保护，其制度价值则在于追求实质正义。作为私法上一项古老的“特权”制度，民事优先权制度体现了国家的立法政策，反映着法律对实质平等、公平与正义不懈追求的理念。目前，我国正处于市场经济的起步阶段，经济的演变正牵动着社会生活发生深刻的变化。利益的冲突、权利的激荡，打破了旧有经济体制下整齐划一的秩序。主体利益冲突的加剧以及利益需求的不平衡，需要一定立法政策的调和，，优先保护社会弱势群体的生存权益，已到了刻不容缓的地步。而民事优先权制度作为保护弱势群体利益、注重社会公平的重要保障，其实施对于我国具有重要的现实意义。本文采用比较分析、实证、历史等综合的研究方法，通过对民事优先权基本理论的阐述，并借鉴国外成功的立法经验，希望对我国民事优先权的种类及顺位问题提出切实可行的立法建议。具体来讲，文章主要包含六章内容：第一章绪论部分主要阐述了论文研究的目的、意义、主要内容及其创新点以及国外的立法现状。第二章通过对民事优先权概念、性质及历史沿革相关内容对于民事优先权进行了概述。第三章分析了我国民事优先权制度的立法现状及存在的问题并且论述了完善这一制度的必要性。第四章介绍了国外民事优先权制度的立法实践并且分析了对我国相关立法的启示。第五章提出了我国完善民事优先权制度的立法建立，在这一章首先论述了我国设立民事优先权制度符合民法公平原则和契约自由原则；其次，对民事优先权完善的总体思路进行分析；接着，关于民事优先权种类的立法建议中提出要分别建立民事基本法中的优先权和民事特别法中的优先权，并分别对每种优先权的含义及法理依据进行论述；最后，提出以上民事优先权不同种类之间的顺位建议。第六章对民事优先权制度进行了概括性总结。
[Abstract]:As an important part of civil and commercial law, the civil priority system originates from Roman law, which is motivated by the protection of the weak, and its institutional value lies in the pursuit of substantive justice, which is an ancient "privilege" system in private law. Civil priority system reflects the legislative policy of the country, reflecting the law of substantive equality, fairness and justice to pursue the concept of unremitting. At present, China is in the initial stage of the market economy. The evolution of the economy is affecting the profound changes in social life, conflicts of interests, and the agitation of rights. Break the old economic system under the uniform order, the intensification of the main interests of conflict and the imbalance of interest needs, need a certain legislative policy to reconcile, priority to protect the rights and interests of vulnerable groups of society. The civil priority system, as an important guarantee to protect the interests of vulnerable groups and pay attention to social equity, has important practical significance for our country. This paper uses comparative analysis, empirical, historical and other comprehensive research methods, through the elaboration of the basic theory of civil priority, and learn from the successful legislative experience of foreign countries. The article mainly includes six chapters: the first chapter introduces the purpose and significance of the research. The main content and its innovation as well as the current situation of foreign legislation. The second chapter adopts the concept of civil priority. The third chapter analyzes the legislative status and existing problems of the civil priority system in our country and discusses the necessity of perfecting the system. Chapter 4th. This paper introduces the legislative practice of the foreign civil priority system and analyzes the enlightenment to the relevant legislation of our country. Chapter 5th puts forward the legislative establishment of perfecting the civil priority system in our country. In this chapter, the author first discusses that the establishment of civil priority system in China conforms to the principles of civil law fairness and freedom of contract. Secondly, the author analyzes the overall idea of the improvement of civil priority. Then, in the legislative proposal about the civil priority, it is proposed to establish the priority in the civil basic law and the priority in the special civil law respectively, and discuss the meaning and the legal basis of each kind of priority respectively. Finally, the author puts forward the suggestion of ranking among the different types of civil priority. Chapter 6th summarizes the civil priority system.
【学位授予单位】：沈阳工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D923

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