南非海事优先权制度研究

发布时间：2018-02-14 20:45

本文关键词： 南非海事优先权海商法《南非海事司法管辖权条例》　出处：《湘潭大学》2010年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】： 海事优先权制度是海商法上的特有制度之一,该制度赋予了法定的优先权人对导致优先权纠纷事由产生的船舶及其他海事财产具有优先受偿的权利,并对调整各国海事贸易关系、促进各国航运事业发展具有重要意义。南非共和国在历史上曾是英国的殖民地,受此历史因素的影响,南非于1983年颁布的《南非海事司法管辖权条例》保留了英国法在某些海商事关系中作为南非海商法的法律渊源地位,因此,除《南非海事司法管辖权条例》中有明确规定的情形外,南非的海事优先权制度仍直接以英国的有关成文法和判例法作为法律渊源。根据英国法的规定,海事优先权的项目包括损害赔偿、船长和船员的薪酬、船长的垫付支出、海难救助报酬、船舶抵押冒险贷款和船货抵押贷款。南非法也遵循了英国法的规定确立了这些海事优先权项目。另外,英国和南非学者还根据海事司法实践中出现的某些海事请求权争议归纳出一些新类型的“海事优先权”项目。但英国或南非法律均未认可这些项目的海事请求权的优先权效力。而为了保障海事优先权的实现,《南非海事司法管辖权条例》规定了可供海事优先权人在对物诉讼中扣押的财产也即海事优先权的标的,这些标的包括引起海事优先权产生的船舶、船舶的附属物、船货及运费收益等,以及与肇事船舶存在法定关系的关联船舶。同时《南非海事司法管辖权条例》也规定了海事优先权与其他海事请求权、以及各海事优先权之间的受偿顺位。我国与南非建交以来,两国双边贸易持续增长。由于中、南两国贸易往来及我国远洋运输事业发展的需要,我国远洋运输企业在南非的业务活动逐渐增多;与此同时,我国的相关企业也必须面对南非海商法带来的制度冲击和影响。为此,我国有关企业和法律事务工作者应当了解和研究包括海事优先权在内南非的海商事法律制度,并在相关纠纷发生时能够采取有效的措施予以应对,切实维护我国当事人在南非的合法权益。
[Abstract]:Maritime lien system is one of the unique systems in maritime law, which gives legal liens the right to receive compensation in preference to ships and other maritime property that lead to lien disputes. It is of great significance to adjust the maritime trade relations and promote the development of shipping industry. The Republic of South Africa was historically a British colony, influenced by this historical factor, The South African Maritime jurisdiction Ordinance, promulgated in 1983, retains the status of British law as the legal source of South African maritime law in certain maritime commercial relations. Except for the circumstances clearly stipulated in the South African Maritime jurisdiction Ordinance, the maritime priority system in South Africa still directly uses the relevant statute law and case law of the United Kingdom as the source of law. Under British law, items of maritime priority include damages, remuneration of the captain and crew, advance expenses of the captain, remuneration for salvage at sea, Ship Mortgage risk loan and ship cargo Mortgage loan. South African law also complies with English law to establish these maritime liens. In addition, British and South African scholars also sum up some new types of "maritime priority" items according to some maritime claims disputes in maritime judicial practice, but neither British nor South African law recognizes the priority effect of maritime claims of these items. In order to ensure the realization of maritime priority, the Maritime jurisdiction regulations of South Africa provide the subject matter of maritime priority which can be seized by a maritime priority person in rem proceedings. These include ships that give rise to maritime liens, ships' appendages, cargo and proceeds of freight, etc., The South African Maritime jurisdiction Ordinance also stipulates maritime liens and other maritime claims, and the order of compensation among maritime liens. Since the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and South Africa, bilateral trade between the two countries has continued to grow. As a result of the trade exchanges between China and South Africa and the needs of the development of China's ocean-going transport undertakings, the business activities of Chinese ocean-going transport enterprises in South Africa have gradually increased; at the same time, The relevant enterprises of our country must also face the system impact and influence brought by South Africa's maritime law. Therefore, the relevant enterprises and legal affairs workers of our country should understand and study the maritime commercial law system of South Africa, including maritime priority. And can take effective measures to deal with the related disputes, and protect the legitimate rights and interests of our party in South Africa.
【学位授予单位】：湘潭大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：DD912.29;D947.8

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