器官移植民事法律问题研究

发布时间：2018-02-21 02:43

本文关键词： 器官器官移植法律地位活体器官移植尸体器官移植　出处：《南京理工大学》2009年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】： 从法律的角度考察,器官移植是指为医疗目的,由器官供给人的捐赠行为、专门医疗机构器官摘取的协助行为和植入器官的治疗行为等构成的相互独立、相互联络的关联结合行为。器官移植是一项复杂的技术,涉及法学、医学、伦理学等诸多领域。从民商法的角度分析器官移植的民事法律问题有助于保障我国器官移植技术健康发展、保障人们的合法生命权益。器官移植引发的首要问题即人体器官的法律地位,根据器官物理状态的不同,对其法律地位应区别对待:活体器官应视为“人格之载体”;已与人体脱离的器官及尸体器官应视为一种特殊的物。器官移植行为造福了许多患者,但因其性质决定,在实施过程中会对供体和受体的人身造成一定损害,对其得以顺利进行的合法性依据应依行为性质不同而区别分析:器官植入行为主观上是为挽救患者生命,客观上其对人身带来的侵犯是由医疗行为本身的性质所决定,所以不具备社会危害性,是合法行为;器官摘除行为中,医方得到受害者同意,所以器官摘除行为能阻却违法性。器官移植中器官的来源主要有活体捐献器官和尸体器官两种,捐献人捐献器官的协议与普通赠与合同存在多方面差异,需要法律加以特殊规定。为了解决器官来源紧缺的问题,法律可以设置一定的激励措施鼓励人们捐献器官,并对脑死亡标准进行规定。我国器官移植技术起步较晚,相关民事立法尚不完善,存在一定缺陷,建议从以下方面进行改进:如对捐献人的撤销权加以限制、严格规定器官移植的条件、明确器官移植中各主体的权利义务、加强对特殊主体的权益保护、确立脑死亡标准。
[Abstract]:From the legal point of view, organ transplantation refers to the mutual independence of organ transplantation, which is composed of organ donors' donation, organ removal assistance by specialized medical institutions, and the treatment of implanted organs for medical purposes. Interconnected associative behavior. Organ transplantation is a complex technique involving law, medicine, From the angle of civil and commercial law, analyzing the civil law problems of organ transplantation is helpful to ensure the healthy development of organ transplantation technology in our country and protect people's legitimate rights and interests of life. The primary problem caused by organ transplantation is the legal status of human organs, depending on the physical state of the organs. Their legal status should be treated differently: living organs should be regarded as "carriers of personality"; organs and cadaveric organs that have been disconnected from the human body should be regarded as a special object... the act of organ transplantation has benefited many patients, but because of its nature, it is determined by its nature, In the process of implementation, the donor and the recipient will be damaged to a certain extent, and the legal basis for its smooth progress should be analyzed according to the nature of the behavior: the organ implantation behavior is subjective to save the patient's life. Objectively speaking, its violation of the person is determined by the nature of the medical act itself, so it is not harmful to society and is a lawful act. In the removal of organs, the medical side obtains the consent of the victim. In organ transplantation, there are two main sources of organs: living donor organs and cadaveric organs. There are many differences between the agreement of donor organ donation and the general donation contract. In order to solve the problem of organ shortage, the law can set up some incentives to encourage people to donate organs and regulate the standard of brain death. The technology of organ transplantation in our country started late, the relevant civil legislation is not perfect, and there are some defects. It is suggested that the following aspects should be improved: for example, to restrict the right of cancellation of donor, to strictly stipulate the conditions of organ transplantation, Make clear the rights and obligations of all subjects in organ transplantation, strengthen the protection of the rights and interests of special subjects, and establish the standard of brain death.
【学位授予单位】：南京理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：D922.16

【引证文献】