论我国海难救助报酬制度的完善

发布时间：2018-02-24 16:29

本文关键词： 海难救助报酬人命救助环境救助　出处：《华中科技大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：随着我国经济的崛起，国际贸易的加快，船舶承担了绝大部分的贸易运输。当前，我国的海上技术已经发展到一定水平，但是调整海洋贸易的海商法已经多年未做修订，其中关于海难救助报酬制度的规定已经难以适应当下日趋复杂的实践需要。尤其是在人们越来越重视人道主义和环境保护的今天，法律对于海难救助中的人命救助与环境救助的报酬制度始终处于一个摇摆不定的态度，十分不利于今后鼓励海难救助的需要。本文通过比较分析、规范分析的方法对一直以来影响海难人命救助与环境救助报酬制度合法化的因素，论述其今后的完善方向，为我国海商法的完善提供参考。本文绪论，首先介绍了本文研究范畴、现状、目的与意义。正文从三方面展开论述，，首先，从海难救助报酬制度的价值演变引出海难救助报酬制度的创设目的，并从实践中的海难救助行为看到目前我们所适用的海难救助制度难以达成他创设之初的立法意图这一事实，需要完善；然后，分析影响海难救助报酬制度中人命救助与环境救助报酬请求权合法化的因素，论述该制度当下在我国实践中存在的问题，并基于对制度原则的分析，找出造成当下该制度适用困境的原因；最后，从论述为什么应该从立法上解决客体上的限制出发，试图找出完善该制度的方法：我们应该用发展的眼光看待现在仍然沿用的海难救助报酬制度的法律原则，通过目的解释修正其内涵能使其更好的服务于现实海难救助实践的需要；对于海难人命救助，通过立法确立其独立的报酬请求权，建立政府和商业保险并行的报酬保障模式；对于海难环境救助，我们应在特别补偿制度的基础上，确立新的救助效果标准，简化救助效果的评估体系，为这一制度真正能够实现减少环境污染这一目的服务。
[Abstract]:With the rise of China's economy and the acceleration of international trade, ships have assumed most of the trade and transportation. At present, China's maritime technology has developed to a certain level, but the maritime law regulating maritime trade has not been revised for many years. Among them, the regulations on reward system for salvage at sea have been unable to adapt to the increasingly complex practical needs at present. Especially today, people are paying more and more attention to humanitarian and environmental protection. The law is always in a wobbly attitude to the compensation system for the rescue of human life and the environment in maritime salvage, which is very unfavorable to the need to encourage salvage at sea in the future. The method of normative analysis has been used to analyze the factors affecting the legalization of the reward system of salvage of life and environmental salvage, and to discuss the direction of its perfection in the future, and to provide a reference for the perfection of maritime law of our country. Introduction to this paper, first introduced the scope, status, purpose and significance of this study. The text from three aspects, first of all, from the value evolution of salvage compensation system derived from the maritime salvage compensation system of the purpose of the creation. And from the practice of salvage at sea, we can see that the current system of salvage at sea is difficult to achieve the legislative intention of his creation, which needs to be perfected. This paper analyzes the factors that affect the legalization of the right to claim compensation for salvage of life and environmental assistance in the reward system of salvage at sea, and discusses the problems existing in the present practice of the system in our country, and based on the analysis of the principles of the system, Finally, from the point of view of why the limitation of the object should be solved by legislation, the author tries to find out the reasons for the difficulties in the application of the system. Trying to find a way to improve the system: we should look at the legal principles of the maritime salvage reward system, which is still in use, It can better serve the needs of the practice of salvage at sea by explaining its purpose, establishing its independent compensation claim by legislation, and establishing the compensation security model of government and commercial insurance. On the basis of special compensation system, we should establish a new standard of salvage effect, simplify the evaluation system of salvage effect, and serve the purpose of reducing environmental pollution by this system.
【学位授予单位】：华中科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D922.294

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