海上货物运输保险利益研究

发布时间：2018-02-26 19:14

本文关键词： 法律保险利益保险利益转移保险合同转让经济保险利益　出处：《大连海事大学》2011年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：保险利益是保险合同法上特有的概念,保险利益原则一般被认为是保险合同特有的基本原则之一。海上货物保险中,保险事故发生时被保险人对保险标的应当具有保险利益,否则保险合同无效。根据英国判例法和MIA1906,保险利益必须是法律上的保险利益,这一原则和制度被大多数国家所接受。然而,法律上保险利益具有相当的局限性,特别给FOB.CFR等买卖中的货物保险带来了很大的困扰。有鉴于此,人们做了摆脱困境的种种尝试,并最终转向经济保险利益。本文通过对保险利益理论的历史发展及横向比较研究,论证了海上货物保险中取消保险利益或者修改保险利益原则的必要性。第一部分通过对两大法系保险利益学说的回顾,概括引入当今保险利益的两种主流学说——法定利益说学说和经济性保险利益学说。第二部分,从国内外对保险利益的不同立法规定入手,总结出两种保险利益立法模式——法律保险利益和经济保险利益,指出我国立法规定是参考了MIA1906的传统观点,但在表述上更为笼统,特别是在这种立法模式下,保险人常会以“保险人有无保险利益”为由进行技术性抗辩拒赔,损害了被保险人的利益,为此,国际上趋于对保险利益进行广泛灵活的诠释——确立经济保险利益原则。本部分还结合新《保险法》的修改,提出笔者的看法；并对相关概念进行辨析,为后文论述打下基础。第三部分阐述了海上货物运输保险利益的转移。首先论述了确立以风险转移为标准的必要性；接着结合MIA1906论述了保险利益转移对保险合同的影响；最后,对比MIA1906的相关规定,对我国《保险法》第49条的用语进行反思,提出自己的看法和修改建议。第四部分在第三部分的基础上,重点论述了在CIF.FOB及CFR贸易条件下保险利益转移的相关问题,指出实践中严格的法律保险利益所带来的困扰,限制了保险功能的发挥,保险利益范围必须拓展。第五部分论述了中途停运中保险利益的归属问题,即保险利益的归属——仍应以与保险标的之间的经济利害关系为依据来确定。第六部分论述了当今国际保险利益的两种发展趋势：建立经济保险利益原则和取消保险利益原则。结论部分总结全文,提出笔者主张——建立经济保险利益原则,并论证了取消保险利益原则和建立经济保险利益原则具有内在的统一性。
[Abstract]:Insurance interest is a unique concept in insurance contract law, and the principle of insurance interest is generally regarded as one of the basic principles peculiar to insurance contract. Otherwise, the insurance contract is invalid. According to British case law and MIA 1906, the insurance interest must be a legal insurance interest. This principle and system is accepted by most countries. However, the legal insurance interest has considerable limitations. In view of this, people have made all kinds of attempts to get rid of the predicament, and finally turned to the economic insurance benefits. This paper, through the historical development and horizontal comparative study of the theory of insurance interests, has brought a great deal of trouble to the goods insurance in the sale and purchase of FOB.CFR and so on. The necessity of canceling insurable interest or modifying the principle of insurable interest in marine cargo insurance is demonstrated. In the first part, by reviewing the theory of insurance interest in two legal systems, the author generalizes the two mainstream theories of insurance interest, namely, legal interest theory and economic insurance interest theory. The second part, starting with the different legislative provisions of insurance interests at home and abroad, summarizes two kinds of legislative models of insurance interests-legal insurance interests and economic insurance interests, and points out that the legislative provisions of our country refer to the traditional views of MIA1906. But it is more general in expression, especially in this kind of legislation mode, the insurer often takes "the insurer has the insurable interest" to carry on the technical defense to refuse the claim, has harmed the insurant's benefit, therefore, The international interpretation of insurance benefits tends to be broad and flexible-to establish the principle of economic insurance interests. This part also combines with the revision of the new Insurance Law, puts forward the author's views, and discriminates and analyzes the relevant concepts, laying a foundation for the later discussion. The third part expounds the transfer of the insurance benefits of marine cargo carriage. Firstly, it discusses the necessity of establishing the standard of risk transfer; then, combined with MIA1906, it discusses the influence of the transfer of insurance benefits on insurance contract; finally, it compares the relevant provisions of MIA1906. This paper reflects on the terms of Article 49 of the Insurance Law of our country, and puts forward its own views and suggestions for amendment. On the basis of the third part, the 4th part focuses on the problems related to the transfer of insurance benefits under the trade conditions of CIF.FOB and CFR, and points out that strict legal interests of insurance bring difficulties in practice and limit the function of insurance. The scope of insurance interests must be expanded. Part 5th discusses the attribution of insurance interests in stoppage, that is, the attribution of insurance interests should still be determined on the basis of the economic interest between them and the subject matter of insurance. Part 6th discusses two development trends of international insurance interest: establishing the principle of economic insurance interest and abolishing the principle of insurance interest. In the conclusion part, the author puts forward that the principle of economic insurance benefit should be established, and demonstrates the inherent unity of canceling the principle of insurance interest and establishing the principle of economic insurance interest.
【学位授予单位】：大连海事大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D922.284

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