关于沿海船舶油污损害赔偿相关问题的研究

发布时间：2018-02-27 04:04

本文关键词： 沿海船舶油污损害强制保险油污基金损害赔偿　出处：《上海海事大学》2007年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】： 我国尚无针对船舶油污损害赔偿的专门立法。沿海涉外船舶油污损害赔偿适用我国加入的1969年和1992年《国际油污损害民事责任公约》，但不具有涉外因素的船舶油污损害赔偿争议较大。针对沿海船舶油污损害赔偿现状，本文对与沿海船舶油污损害相关的国内法及1969年和1992年《国际油污损害民事责任公约》中涉及的相关法律条款进行了分析，指出沿海船舶油污损害应当适用的法律，分析和研究了索赔过程中的一些实际问题，同时对我国即将实施的强制保险和油污损害赔偿基金提出了一些建议。引言部分主要阐述我国沿海船舶油污现状，说明沿海船舶油污损害赔偿中存在的问题。第一章介绍沿海油污损害赔偿适用的法律法规，包括国际公约、国际惯例及国内法的适用问题，指出应当适用国内法，并且《海环法》和《海商法》应优先于《民法通则》适用。第二章介绍沿海油污损害赔偿问题，包括归责原则、赔偿责任限制、诉讼主体、损害评估、损害赔偿的范围等问题。诉讼主体方面，除直接受害人可以起诉外，其他公民或环保组织也应当有权提起公益诉讼，请求法院判令侵害环境公益的行为人停止侵害行为，排除危害。这是本文针对诉讼主体所作的拓展，属于创新之处。另外，损害评估体系的建立，诉讼时效的修改等部分都是本文提出的创造性见解。第三章是案例，主要分析了一个沿海船舶油污损害赔偿案。第四章是关于我国的强制保险制度和油污损害赔偿基金的研究，介绍了国外的经验。国际油污损害赔偿的主体构成为：民事责任人及保险人构成第一重赔偿主体，赔偿基金为第二重赔偿主体。本章同时对我国即将实施的油污损害赔偿基金的设立提出了一些建议。其中与国内油污基金配合措施等内容属于创新之处。第五章是结论．指出我国应当尽快制定新法或是将《1992年国际油污损害民事责任公约》的内容转化成国内法，在此之前，沿海非涉外船舶油污损害案件赔偿应当优先适用《海坏法》和《海商法》。而严格责任原则是沿海油污损害赔偿中应当适用的法律原则。在诉讼主体方面，，国家行政机关可以代表国家进行海洋环境资源损害的赔偿，本文同时建议国家可以成立专门的机构来进行索赔，另外也可以通过相关法律的修改来确立公民和公益组织提起诉讼的资格。涉及到损害评估的赔偿，笔者更倾向于将强制清污和中长期渔业资源损失都纳入国家油污基金损害赔偿范围。同时为避免评估结果的不公正，建议国家参照国际油污赔偿基金，制定我国自己的损害评估标准和体系。此外，针对我国的强制保险制度和油污损害赔偿基金作了一定的分析评议，并给出了一些建议。
[Abstract]:There is no special legislation for compensation for oil pollution damage from ships in China. Application of the International Convention on Civil liability for Oil pollution damage on 1969 and 1992 of China's accession to the International Convention on Civil liability for Oil pollution damage, but not involving foreign factors, is applicable to the compensation for oil pollution damage caused by foreign ships along the coast. The compensation for pollution damage is controversial. In view of the current situation of oil pollution compensation of coastal ships, This paper analyzes the domestic laws related to oil pollution damage of coastal ships and the relevant legal provisions of the International Convention on Civil liability for Oil pollution damage of 1969 and 1992, and points out the applicable laws for oil pollution damage of coastal ships. This paper analyzes and studies some practical problems in the process of claims, and puts forward some suggestions for the compulsory insurance and oil pollution damage compensation fund to be implemented in China. The introduction mainly expounds the present situation of oil pollution of coastal ships in our country, and explains the problems existing in the compensation for oil pollution damage of coastal ships. Chapter I introduces the applicable laws and regulations for compensation for coastal oil pollution damage, including international conventions, international practices and the application of domestic law, and points out that domestic law should be applied, And the Sea Ring Law and the Maritime Code should be applied in preference to the General principles of Civil Law. The second chapter introduces the problem of compensation for coastal oil pollution damage, including liability principle, limitation of liability, main body of litigation, damage assessment, scope of damage compensation and so on. Other citizens or environmental protection organizations should also have the right to file public interest litigation and request the court to order the person who infringes the environmental public good to stop the infringing act and eliminate the harm. This is the expansion of this article aimed at the main body of the lawsuit, which belongs to the innovation. The establishment of damage assessment system and the modification of statute of limitations are all creative ideas put forward in this paper. The third chapter is a case, mainly analyzes a coastal ship oil pollution damage compensation case. Chapter 4th is about the study of compulsory insurance system and compensation fund of oil pollution damage in our country, and introduces the experience of foreign countries. The main body of international oil pollution damage compensation is: the civil liability and the insurer constitute the main body of the first compensation. The compensation fund is the second main body of compensation. At the same time, this chapter puts forward some suggestions on the establishment of the oil pollution compensation fund to be implemented in our country. Chapter 5th is the conclusion. It is pointed out that China should enact new law as soon as possible or translate the contents of the International Convention on Civil liability for Oil pollution damage of 1992 into domestic law. In the case of oil pollution damage caused by non-foreign vessels in coastal areas, priority should be given to the application of the Marine damage Law and the Maritime Law. The principle of strict liability is the legal principle to be applied in the compensation for oil pollution damage caused by coastal oil pollution. State administrative organs may make compensation for damage to marine environment and resources on behalf of the state. At the same time, this paper suggests that the state may set up special agencies to make claims. In addition, it is also possible to establish the eligibility of citizens and public welfare organizations to initiate proceedings through the amendment of relevant laws. The author is more inclined to include compulsory decontamination and long-term loss of fishery resources within the scope of damage compensation of the National Oil pollution Fund. Meanwhile, in order to avoid the injustice of the evaluation results, it is suggested that the country should refer to the International Oil pollution compensation Fund. In addition, the compulsory insurance system and the compensation fund for oil pollution damage in China are analyzed and reviewed, and some suggestions are given.
【学位授予单位】：上海海事大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2007
【分类号】：D996.19;D922.294

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