索马里海盗赎金性质辨析及保险赔付研究

发布时间：2018-02-28 07:29

本文关键词： 海盗赎金共同海损保险赔付　出处：《华东政法大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：近几年，国际远洋运输在得到大力发展的同时也面临着愈发猖獗的海盗劫持风险。其中，尤以索马里海盗为首，在亚丁湾、红海海域不停袭击过往船舶，劫持船货甚至船员。索马里海盗有不同于传统海盗和当代东南亚地区海盗的特点，他们通常以船员为人质，或者劫持船货以威胁船东支付赎金，只要船东支付满意的赎金他们一般不伤害人质，也不损坏船舶与货物。在此前提下，船东支付的赎金一方面挽救了船、货甚至人命的损失，，另一方面也是船东额外支出的费用。海盗赎金的性质在学界一直尚存争议，而性质界定的不明确也会影响到其在海上保险领域的损失赔付。本文试图从索马里海盗赎金的特征着手，理清赎金在海商法视角下的性质归属，继而辨明赎金支付的责任主体以及保险赔付的应对之策。本文除去引言与结论部分之外，主要分为三个章节。第一章是海盗和海盗赎金的概述。从海盗的历史渊源引出索马里海盗的形成特点，及索马里海盗赎金新的特征。第二章是本文的主体部分，主要探讨索马里海盗赎金的性质归属。在可以支付赎金的前提下，海盗赎金的性质从定性和定量两个角度展开，其中定性分析通过比较单独海损、海难救助和共同海损三种学说的概念及构成要件，认为海盗赎金应当纳入共同海损范畴；在定量分析部分，归纳了赎金支付的三大类主体及其相应的责任。第三章是海盗风险和赎金能否由保险赔付的探讨。该部分着重论述海盗赎金能否由现有的海上保险赔付以及国内外相关立法和实践做法对中国的借鉴意义。
[Abstract]:In recent years, while international ocean transportation has been vigorously developed, it is also facing the increasingly rampant risk of piracy hijacking. Among them, Somali pirates are the leading ones, and in the Gulf of Aden, the Red Sea sea has been constantly attacking passing ships. Hijacking ship cargo or even crew. Somali pirates are different from traditional pirates and contemporary Southeast Asian pirates by taking their crew hostage or by hijacking cargo to threaten shipowners to pay ransom. As long as shipowners pay satisfactory ransoms, they generally do not harm hostages, nor do they damage ships and cargo. On the one hand, the ransom paid by shipowners saves ships, cargo and even human lives. On the other hand, it is also the cost of additional expenses for shipowners. The nature of pirate ransoms remains controversial in academia. The unclear definition of nature will also affect its loss payment in the field of marine insurance. This paper attempts to clarify the nature of ransom in the maritime law perspective from the characteristics of Somali pirates ransoms. Besides the introduction and conclusion, this paper is divided into three chapters. The first chapter is an overview of pirates and pirate ransoms. The formation characteristics of Somali pirates and the new characteristics of Somali pirates ransoms are derived from the historical origin of pirates. The second chapter is the main part of this paper, mainly discusses the nature of Somali pirates ransom attribution. Under the premise that the ransom can be paid, the nature of pirate ransom is carried out from both qualitative and quantitative angles, among which the qualitative analysis is carried out through a comparison of individual average. In the part of quantitative analysis, the author sums up the three main categories of ransom payment and their corresponding responsibilities. The third chapter discusses whether the pirate risk and ransom can be paid by insurance. This part mainly discusses whether the pirate ransom can be paid by the existing marine insurance as well as the significance of domestic and foreign legislation and practice to China.
【学位授予单位】：华东政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D997.9

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