我国铁路旅客人身伤亡限额赔偿制度的法律研究

发布时间：2018-03-03 13:28

本文选题：铁路旅客　切入点：限额赔偿　出处：《北京交通大学》2010年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】： 我国铁路旅客人身伤亡赔偿采取的是限额赔偿制度。实行限额赔偿制度是法律在国家利益和人民利益的平衡中设计的一项制度。限额赔偿制度是法律赋予交通运输相关责任人在特定情形下的法定特权。铁路旅客人身伤亡限额赔偿制度的实行有其合理性但也存在较大缺陷。目前,与我国《海商法》和《民用航空法》关于旅客人身伤亡限额赔偿的规定相比,铁路旅客人身伤亡限额赔偿制度严格责任归责原则的适用没有实现利益平衡,限额赔偿规定过度保护铁路承运人的利益,限额赔偿规定欠缺合法性。因此,应规范第三人侵权时铁路运输企业限额赔偿制度的适用；规定铁路运输企业故意或重大过失排除适用限额赔偿责任；从立法角度完善限额赔偿制度,采用计算单位方法确定赔偿限额；完善铁路旅客强制保险制度,增加铁路企业第三者责任强制险。本文从法学研究的角度出发,介绍铁路旅客人身伤亡限额赔偿制度的有关法律概念、归责原则等基本理论,在详细阐释铁路旅客人身伤亡限额赔偿制度的法学理论基础之上,分析我国该制度的的立法演变历程及其存在的不足,结合发达国家相关运输行业限额赔偿制度的法律规定和司法实践,对我国铁路旅客人身伤亡限额赔偿制度的完善提出科学、可行的立法建议,以期对我国该制度的建设提供有益参考,促进我国铁路运输行业健康、稳定的发展。
[Abstract]:The system of compensation for personal injury and death of railway passengers in China is a system designed by law in the balance between the national interests and the interests of the people. Input the legal privileges of the responsible person in specific circumstances. At present, compared with the provisions of the Maritime Law and the Civil Aviation Law of our country concerning the limitation of compensation for personal injury and injury of passengers, the system of compensation for personal injury and injury of railway passengers has its rationality but also some defects. The application of the strict liability imputation principle of the limitation compensation system for railway passengers' personal injury and injury has not realized the balance of interests, the limitation compensation provisions over-protect the interests of railway carriers, and the limitation compensation provisions lack legitimacy. It is necessary to standardize the application of the quota compensation system for railway transport enterprises when the third party infringes upon it; to stipulate that railway transport enterprises intentionally or negligently exclude the liability of applying the limitation compensation; and to perfect the system of limited compensation from the angle of legislation, The compensation limit is determined by the method of unit of calculation, the compulsory insurance system for railway passengers is perfected, and the compulsory insurance for third party liability of railway enterprises is increased. From the angle of legal research, this paper introduces the related legal concepts and imputation principles of the limitation compensation system for railway passengers' personal injury and injury, on the basis of explaining in detail the legal theory of the compensation system for railway passengers' personal injury and injury. Based on the analysis of the legislative evolution of the system and its shortcomings, combined with the legal provisions and judicial practice of the quota compensation system in related transport industries in developed countries, this paper puts forward a scientific approach to the perfection of the compensation system for personal injury and death of railway passengers in China. The feasible legislative suggestions are expected to provide a useful reference for the construction of this system in China and to promote the healthy and stable development of the railway transport industry in China.
【学位授予单位】：北京交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：D922.294;D922.296

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